Source code for bifacial_radiance.main

#!/usr/bin/env python

"""
@author: cdeline

bifacial_radiance.py - module to develop radiance bifacial scenes, including gendaylit and gencumulativesky
7/5/2016 - test script based on G173_journal_height
5/1/2017 - standalone module

Pre-requisites:
    This software is written for Python >3.6 leveraging many Anaconda tools (e.g. pandas, numpy, etc)

    *RADIANCE software should be installed from https://github.com/NREL/Radiance/releases

    *If you want to use gencumulativesky, move 'gencumulativesky.exe' from
    'bifacial_radiance\data' into your RADIANCE source directory.

    *If using a Windows machine you should download the Jaloxa executables at
    http://www.jaloxa.eu/resources/radiance/radwinexe.shtml#Download

    * Installation of  bifacial_radiance from the repo:
    1. Clone the repo
    2. Navigate to the directory using the command prompt
    3. run `pip install -e . `

Overview:
    Bifacial_radiance includes several helper functions to make it easier to evaluate
    different PV system orientations for rear bifacial irradiance.
    Note that this is simply an optical model - identifying available rear irradiance under different conditions.

    For a detailed demonstration example, look at the .ipnyb notebook in \docs\

    There are two solar resource modes in bifacial_radiance: `gendaylit` uses hour-by-hour solar
    resource descriptions using the Perez diffuse tilted plane model.
    `gencumulativesky` is an annual average solar resource that combines hourly
    Perez skies into one single solar source, and computes an annual average.

    bifacial_radiance includes five object-oriented classes:

    RadianceObj:  top level class to work on radiance objects, keep track of filenames,
    sky values, PV module type etc.

    GroundObj:    details for the ground surface and reflectance

    SceneObj:    scene information including array configuration (row spacing, clearance or hub height)

    MetObj: meteorological data from EPW (energyplus) file.
        Future work: include other file support including TMY files

    AnalysisObj: Analysis class for plotting and reporting

"""
import logging
logging.basicConfig()
LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
LOGGER.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

import os, datetime
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE  # replacement for os.system()
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np 
import warnings
#from input import *

# Mutual parameters across all processes
#daydate=sys.argv[1]


global DATA_PATH # path to data files including module.json.  Global context
#DATA_PATH = os.path.abspath(pkg_resources.resource_filename('bifacial_radiance', 'data/') )
DATA_PATH = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'data'))

def _findme(lst, a): #find string match in a list. script from stackexchange
    return [i for i, x in enumerate(lst) if x == a]

def _missingKeyWarning(dictype, missingkey, newvalue): # prints warnings 
    if type(newvalue) is bool:
        valueunit = ''
    else:
        valueunit = 'm'
    print("Warning: {} Dictionary Parameters passed, but {} is missing. ".format(dictype, missingkey))        
    print("Setting it to default value of {} {} to continue\n".format(newvalue, valueunit))

def _normRGB(r, g, b): #normalize by each color for human vision sensitivity
    return r*0.216+g*0.7152+b*0.0722

def _popen(cmd, data_in, data_out=PIPE):
    """
    Helper function subprocess.popen replaces os.system
    - gives better input/output process control
    usage: pass <data_in> to process <cmd> and return results
    based on rgbeimage.py (Thomas Bleicher 2010)
    """
    if type(cmd) == str:
        cmd = str(cmd) # gets rid of unicode oddities
        shell=True
    else:
        shell=False

    p = Popen(cmd, bufsize=-1, stdin=PIPE, stdout=data_out, stderr=PIPE, shell=shell) #shell=True required for Linux? quick fix, but may be security concern
    data, err = p.communicate(data_in)
    #if err:
    #    return 'message: '+err.strip()
    #if data:
    #    return data. in Python3 this is returned as `bytes` and needs to be decoded
    if err:
        if data:
            returntuple = (data.decode('latin1'), 'message: '+err.decode('latin1').strip())
        else:
            returntuple = (None, 'message: '+err.decode('latin1').strip())
    else:
        if data:
            returntuple = (data.decode('latin1'), None) #Py3 requires decoding
        else:
            returntuple = (None, None)

    return returntuple

def _interactive_load(title=None):
    # Tkinter file picker
    import tkinter
    from tkinter import filedialog
    root = tkinter.Tk()
    root.withdraw() #Start interactive file input
    root.attributes("-topmost", True) #Bring window into foreground
    return filedialog.askopenfilename(parent=root, title=title) #initialdir = data_dir

def _interactive_directory(title=None):
    # Tkinter directory picker.  Now Py3.6 compliant!
    import tkinter
    from tkinter import filedialog
    root = tkinter.Tk()
    root.withdraw() #Start interactive file input
    root.attributes("-topmost", True) #Bring to front
    return filedialog.askdirectory(parent=root, title=title)

def _modDict(originaldict, moddict, relative=False):
    '''
    Compares keys in originaldict with moddict and updates values of 
    originaldict to moddict if existing.
    
    Parameters
    ----------
    originaldict : dictionary
        Original dictionary calculated, for example frontscan or backscan dictionaries.
    moddict : dictionary
        Modified dictinoary, for example modscan['xstart'] = 0 to change position of x.
    relative : Bool
        if passing modscanfront and modscanback to modify dictionarie of positions,
        this sets if the values passed to be updated are relative or absolute. 
        Default is absolute value (relative=False)
            
    Returns
    -------
    originaldict : dictionary
        Updated original dictionary with values from moddict.
    '''
    newdict = originaldict.copy()

    for key in moddict:
        try:
            if relative:
                newdict[key] = moddict[key] + newdict[key]
            else:
                newdict[key] = moddict[key]
        except:
            print("Wrong key in modified dictionary")
    
    return newdict

def _heightCasesSwitcher(sceneDict, preferred='hub_height', nonpreferred='clearance_height'):
        """
        
        Parameters
        ----------
        sceneDict : dictionary
            Dictionary that might contain more than one way of defining height for 
            the array: `clearance_height`, `hub_height`, `height`*
            * height deprecated from sceneDict. This function helps choose
            * which definition to use.  
        preferred : str, optional
            When sceneDict has hub_height and clearance_height, or it only has height,
            it will leave only the preferred option.. The default is 'hub_height'.
        nonpreferred : TYPE, optional
            When sceneDict has hub_height and clearance_height, 
            it wil ldelete this nonpreferred option. The default is 'clearance_height'.
    
        Returns
        -------
        sceneDict : TYPE
            Dictionary now containing the appropriate definition for system height. 
        use_clearanceheight : Bool
            Helper variable to specify if dictionary has only clearancehet for
            use inside `makeScene1axis`. Will get deprecated once that internal
            function is streamlined.
    
        """
        # TODO: When we update to python 3.9.0, this could be a Switch Cases (Structural Pattern Matching):
    
            
        heightCases = '_'
        if 'height' in sceneDict:
            heightCases = heightCases+'height__'
        if 'clearance_height' in sceneDict:
            heightCases = heightCases+'clearance_height__'
        if 'hub_height' in sceneDict:
            heightCases = heightCases+'hub_height__'
        
        use_clearanceheight = False
        # CASES:
        if heightCases == '_height__':
            print("sceneDict Warning: 'height' is being deprecated. "+
                                  "Renaming as "+preferred)
            sceneDict[preferred]=sceneDict['height']
            del sceneDict['height']
        
        elif heightCases == '_clearance_height__':
            #print("Using clearance_height.")
            use_clearanceheight = True
            
        elif heightCases == '_hub_height__':
            #print("Using hub_height.'")
            pass
        elif heightCases == '_height__clearance_height__':  
            print("sceneDict Warning: 'clearance_height and 'height' "+
                  "(deprecated) are being passed. removing 'height' "+
                  "from sceneDict for this tracking routine")
            del sceneDict['height']
            use_clearanceheight = True
                            
        elif heightCases == '_height__hub_height__':     
            print("sceneDict Warning: 'height' is being deprecated. Using 'hub_height'")
            del sceneDict['height']
        
        elif heightCases == '_height__clearance_height__hub_height__':       
            print("sceneDict Warning: 'hub_height', 'clearance_height'"+
                  ", and 'height' are being passed. Removing 'height'"+
                  " (deprecated) and "+ nonpreferred+ ", using "+preferred)
            del sceneDict[nonpreferred]
        
        elif heightCases == '_clearance_height__hub_height__':  
            print("sceneDict Warning: 'hub_height' and 'clearance_height'"+
                  " are being passed. Using "+preferred+
                  " and removing "+ nonpreferred)
            del sceneDict[nonpreferred]
    
        else: 
            print ("sceneDict Error! no argument in sceneDict found "+
                   "for 'hub_height', 'height' nor 'clearance_height'. "+
                   "Exiting routine.")
            
        return sceneDict, use_clearanceheight

def _is_leap_and_29Feb(s): # Removes Feb. 29 if it a leap year.
    return (s.index.year % 4 == 0) & \
           ((s.index.year % 100 != 0) | (s.index.year % 400 == 0)) & \
           (s.index.month == 2) & (s.index.day == 29)

def _subhourlydatatoGencumskyformat(gencumskydata, label='right'):
    # Subroutine to resample, pad, remove leap year and get data in the
    # 8760 hourly format
    # for saving the temporary files for gencumsky in _saveTempTMY and
    # _makeTrackerCSV
    

    #Resample to hourly. Gencumsky wants right-labeled data.
    gencumskydata = gencumskydata.resample('60T', closed='right', label='right').mean()       
    
    if label == 'left': #switch from left to right labeled by adding an hour
        gencumskydata.index = gencumskydata.index + pd.to_timedelta('1H')
                     

    # Padding
    tzinfo = gencumskydata.index.tzinfo
    padstart = pd.to_datetime('%s-%s-%s %s:%s' % (gencumskydata.index.year[0],1,1,1,0 ) ).tz_localize(tzinfo)
    padend = pd.to_datetime('%s-%s-%s %s:%s' % (gencumskydata.index.year[0]+1,1,1,0,0) ).tz_localize(tzinfo)
    gencumskydata.iloc[0] = 0  # set first datapt to zero to forward fill w zeros
    gencumskydata.iloc[-1] = 0  # set last datapt to zero to forward fill w zeros
    # check if index exists. I'm sure there is a way to do this backwards.
    if any(gencumskydata.index.isin([padstart])):
        print("Data starts on Jan. 01")
    else:
        #gencumskydata=gencumskydata.append(pd.DataFrame(index=[padstart]))
        gencumskydata=pd.concat([gencumskydata,pd.DataFrame(index=[padstart])])
    if any(gencumskydata.index.isin([padend])):
        print("Data ends on Dec. 31st")
    else:
        #gencumskydata=gencumskydata.append(pd.DataFrame(index=[padend]))
        gencumskydata=pd.concat([gencumskydata, pd.DataFrame(index=[padend])])
    gencumskydata.loc[padstart]=0
    gencumskydata.loc[padend]=0
    gencumskydata=gencumskydata.sort_index() 
    # Fill empty timestamps with zeros
    gencumskydata = gencumskydata.resample('60T').asfreq().fillna(0)
    # Mask leap year
    leapmask =  ~(_is_leap_and_29Feb(gencumskydata))
    gencumskydata = gencumskydata[leapmask]

    if (gencumskydata.index.year[-1] == gencumskydata.index.year[-2]+1) and len(gencumskydata)>8760:
        gencumskydata = gencumskydata[:-1]
    return gencumskydata
    # end _subhourlydatatoGencumskyformat        
    

[docs]class RadianceObj: """ The RadianceObj top level class is used to work on radiance objects, keep track of filenames, sky values, PV module configuration, etc. Parameters ---------- name : text to append to output files filelist : list of Radiance files to create oconv nowstr : current date/time string path : working directory with Radiance materials and objects Methods ------- __init__ : initialize the object _setPath : change the working directory """ def __repr__(self): return str(self.__dict__)
[docs] def __init__(self, name=None, path=None, hpc=False): ''' initialize RadianceObj with path of Radiance materials and objects, as well as a basename to append to Parameters ---------- name: string, append temporary and output files with this value path: location of Radiance materials and objects hpc: Keeps track if User is running simulation on HPC so some file reading routines try reading a bit longer and some writing routines (makeModule) that overwrite themselves are inactivated. Returns ------- none ''' self.metdata = {} # data from epw met file self.data = {} # data stored at each timestep self.path = "" # path of working directory self.name = "" # basename to append #self.filelist = [] # list of files to include in the oconv self.materialfiles = [] # material files for oconv self.skyfiles = [] # skyfiles for oconv self.radfiles = [] # scene rad files for oconv self.octfile = [] #octfile name for analysis self.Wm2Front = 0 # cumulative tabulation of front W/m2 self.Wm2Back = 0 # cumulative tabulation of rear W/m2 self.backRatio = 0 # ratio of rear / front Wm2 #self.nMods = None # number of modules per row #self.nRows = None # number of rows per scene self.hpc = hpc # HPC simulation is being run. Some read/write functions are modified now = datetime.datetime.now() self.nowstr = str(now.date())+'_'+str(now.hour)+str(now.minute)+str(now.second) # DEFAULTS if name is None: self.name = self.nowstr # set default filename for output files else: self.name = name self.basename = name # add backwards compatibility for prior versions #self.__name__ = self.name #optional info #self.__str__ = self.__name__ #optional info if path is None: self._setPath(os.getcwd()) else: self._setPath(path) # load files in the /materials/ directory self.materialfiles = self.returnMaterialFiles('materials')
def _setPath(self, path): """ setPath - move path and working directory """ self.path = os.path.abspath(path) print('path = '+ path) try: os.chdir(self.path) except OSError as exc: LOGGER.error('Path doesn''t exist: %s' % (path)) LOGGER.exception(exc) raise(exc) # check for path in the new Radiance directory: def _checkPath(path): # create the file structure if it doesn't exist if not os.path.exists(path): os.makedirs(path) print('Making path: '+path) _checkPath('images'); _checkPath('objects') _checkPath('results'); _checkPath('skies'); _checkPath('EPWs') # if materials directory doesn't exist, populate it with ground.rad # figure out where pip installed support files. from shutil import copy2 if not os.path.exists('materials'): #copy ground.rad to /materials os.makedirs('materials') print('Making path: materials') copy2(os.path.join(DATA_PATH, 'ground.rad'), 'materials') # if views directory doesn't exist, create it with two default views - side.vp and front.vp if not os.path.exists('views'): os.makedirs('views') with open(os.path.join('views', 'side.vp'), 'w') as f: f.write('rvu -vtv -vp -10 1.5 3 -vd 1.581 0 -0.519234 '+ '-vu 0 0 1 -vh 45 -vv 45 -vo 0 -va 0 -vs 0 -vl 0') with open(os.path.join('views', 'front.vp'), 'w') as f: f.write('rvu -vtv -vp 0 -3 5 -vd 0 0.894427 -0.894427 '+ '-vu 0 0 1 -vh 45 -vv 45 -vo 0 -va 0 -vs 0 -vl 0')
[docs] def getfilelist(self): """ Return concat of matfiles, radfiles and skyfiles """ return self.materialfiles + self.skyfiles + self.radfiles
[docs] def save(self, savefile=None): """ Pickle the radiance object for further use. Very basic operation - not much use right now. Parameters ---------- savefile : str Optional savefile name, with .pickle extension. Otherwise default to save.pickle """ import pickle if savefile is None: savefile = 'save.pickle' with open(savefile, 'wb') as f: pickle.dump(self, f) print('Saved to file {}'.format(savefile))
#def setHPC(self, hpc=True): # self.hpc = hpc def addMaterial(self, material, Rrefl, Grefl, Brefl, materialtype='plastic', specularity=0, roughness=0, material_file=None, comment=None, rewrite=True): """ Function to add a material in Radiance format. Parameters ---------- material : str DESCRIPTION. Rrefl : str Reflectivity for first wavelength, or 'R' bin. Grefl : str Reflecstrtivity for second wavelength, or 'G' bin. Brefl : str Reflectivity for third wavelength, or 'B' bin. materialtype : str, optional Type of material. The default is 'plastic'. Others can be mirror, trans, etc. See RADIANCe documentation. specularity : str, optional Ratio of reflection that is specular and not diffuse. The default is 0. roughness : str, optional This is the microscopic surface roughness: the more jagged the facets are, the rougher it is and more blurry reflections will appear. material_file : str, optional DESCRIPTION. The default is None. comment : str, optional DESCRIPTION. The default is None. rewrite : str, optional DESCRIPTION. The default is True. Returns ------- None. Just adds the material to the material_file specified or the default in ``materials\ground.rad``. References: See examples of documentation for more materialtype details. http://www.jaloxa.eu/resources/radiance/documentation/docs/radiance_tutorial.pdf page 10 Also, you can use https://www.jaloxa.eu/resources/radiance/colour_picker.shtml to have a sense of how the material would look with the RGB values as well as specularity and roughness. To understand more on reflectivity, specularity and roughness values https://thinkmoult.com/radiance-specularity-and-roughness-value-examples.html """ if material_file is None: material_file = 'ground.rad' matfile = os.path.join('materials', material_file) with open(matfile, 'r') as fp: buffer = fp.readlines() # search buffer for material matching requested addition found = False for i in buffer: if materialtype and material in i: loc = buffer.index(i) found = True break if found: if rewrite: print('Material exists, overwriting...\n') if comment is None: pre = loc - 1 else: pre = loc - 2 # commit buffer without material match with open(matfile, 'w') as fp: for i in buffer[0:pre]: fp.write(i) for i in buffer[loc+4:]: fp.write(i) if (found and rewrite) or (not found): # append -- This will create the file if it doesn't exist file_object = open(matfile, 'a') file_object.write("\n\n") if comment is not None: file_object.write("#{}".format(comment)) file_object.write("\nvoid {} {}".format(materialtype, material)) if materialtype == 'glass' or materialtype =='mirror': file_object.write("\n0\n0\n3 {} {} {}".format(Rrefl, Grefl, Brefl)) else: file_object.write("\n0\n0\n5 {} {} {} {} {}".format(Rrefl, Grefl, Brefl, specularity, roughness)) file_object.close() print('Added material {} to file {}'.format(material, material_file)) if (found and not rewrite): print('Material already exists\n')
[docs] def exportTrackerDict(self, trackerdict=None, savefile=None, reindex=None): """ Use :py:func:`~bifacial_radiance.load._exportTrackerDict` to save a TrackerDict output as a csv file. Parameters ---------- trackerdict The tracker dictionary to save savefile : str path to .csv save file location reindex : bool True saves the trackerdict in TMY format, including rows for hours where there is no sun/irradiance results (empty) """ import bifacial_radiance.load if trackerdict is None: trackerdict = self.trackerdict if savefile is None: savefile = _interactive_load(title='Select a .csv file to save to') if reindex is None: if self.cumulativesky is True: # don't re-index for cumulativesky, # which has angles for index reindex = False else: reindex = True if self.cumulativesky is True and reindex is True: # don't re-index for cumulativesky, # which has angles for index print ("\n Warning: For cumulativesky simulations, exporting the " "TrackerDict requires reindex = False. Setting reindex = " "False and proceeding") reindex = False bifacial_radiance.load._exportTrackerDict(trackerdict, savefile, reindex)
[docs] def loadtrackerdict(self, trackerdict=None, fileprefix=None): """ Use :py:class:`bifacial_radiance.load._loadtrackerdict` to browse the results directory and load back any results saved in there. Parameters ---------- trackerdict fileprefix : str """ from bifacial_radiance.load import loadTrackerDict if trackerdict is None: trackerdict = self.trackerdict (trackerdict, totaldict) = loadTrackerDict(trackerdict, fileprefix) self.Wm2Front = totaldict['Wm2Front'] self.Wm2Back = totaldict['Wm2Back']
[docs] def returnOctFiles(self): """ Return files in the root directory with `.oct` extension Returns ------- oct_files : list List of .oct files """ oct_files = [f for f in os.listdir(self.path) if f.endswith('.oct')] #self.oct_files = oct_files return oct_files
[docs] def returnMaterialFiles(self, material_path=None): """ Return files in the Materials directory with .rad extension appends materials files to the oconv file list Parameters ---------- material_path : str Optional parameter to point to a specific materials directory. otherwise /materials/ is default Returns ------- material_files : list List of .rad files """ if material_path is None: material_path = 'materials' material_files = [f for f in os.listdir(os.path.join(self.path, material_path)) if f.endswith('.rad')] materialfilelist = [os.path.join(material_path, f) for f in material_files] self.materialfiles = materialfilelist return materialfilelist
[docs] def setGround(self, material=None, material_file=None): """ Use GroundObj constructor class and return a ground object Parameters ------------ material : numeric or str If number between 0 and 1 is passed, albedo input is assumed and assigned. If string is passed with the name of the material desired. e.g. 'litesoil', properties are searched in `material_file`. Default Material names to choose from: litesoil, concrete, white_EPDM, beigeroof, beigeroof_lite, beigeroof_heavy, black, asphalt material_file : str Filename of the material information. Default `ground.rad` Returns ------- self.ground : tuple self.ground.normval : numeric Normalized color value self.ground.ReflAvg : numeric Average reflectance """ if material is None: try: if self.metdata.albedo is not None: material = self.metdata.albedo print(" Assigned Albedo from metdata.albedo") except: pass self.ground = GroundObj(material, material_file)
[docs] def getEPW(self, lat=None, lon=None, GetAll=False): """ Subroutine to download nearest epw files to latitude and longitude provided, into the directory \EPWs\ based on github/aahoo. .. warning:: verify=false is required to operate within NREL's network. to avoid annoying warnings, insecurerequestwarning is disabled currently this function is not working within NREL's network. annoying! Parameters ---------- lat : decimal Used to find closest EPW file. lon : decimal Longitude value to find closest EPW file. GetAll : boolean Download all available files. Note that no epw file will be loaded into memory """ import requests, re from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning) hdr = {'User-Agent' : "Magic Browser", 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8' } path_to_save = 'EPWs' # create a directory and write the name of directory here if not os.path.exists(path_to_save): os.makedirs(path_to_save) def _returnEPWnames(): ''' return a dataframe with the name, lat, lon, url of available files''' r = requests.get('https://github.com/NREL/EnergyPlus/raw/develop/weather/master.geojson', verify=False) data = r.json() #metadata for available files #download lat/lon and url details for each .epw file into a dataframe df = pd.DataFrame({'url':[], 'lat':[], 'lon':[], 'name':[]}) for location in data['features']: match = re.search(r'href=[\'"]?([^\'" >]+)', location['properties']['epw']) if match: url = match.group(1) name = url[url.rfind('/') + 1:] lontemp = location['geometry']['coordinates'][0] lattemp = location['geometry']['coordinates'][1] dftemp = pd.DataFrame({'url':[url], 'lat':[lattemp], 'lon':[lontemp], 'name':[name]}) #df = df.append(dftemp, ignore_index=True) df = pd.concat([df, dftemp], ignore_index=True) return df def _findClosestEPW(lat, lon, df): #locate the record with the nearest lat/lon errorvec = np.sqrt(np.square(df.lat - lat) + np.square(df.lon - lon)) index = errorvec.idxmin() url = df['url'][index] name = df['name'][index] return url, name def _downloadEPWfile(url, path_to_save, name): r = requests.get(url, verify=False, headers=hdr) if r.ok: filename = os.path.join(path_to_save, name) # py2 and 3 compatible: binary write, encode text first with open(filename, 'wb') as f: f.write(r.text.encode('ascii', 'ignore')) print(' ... OK!') else: print(' connection error status code: %s' %(r.status_code)) r.raise_for_status() # Get the list of EPW filenames and lat/lon df = _returnEPWnames() # find the closest EPW file to the given lat/lon if (lat is not None) & (lon is not None) & (GetAll is False): url, name = _findClosestEPW(lat, lon, df) # download the EPW file to the local drive. print('Getting weather file: ' + name) _downloadEPWfile(url, path_to_save, name) self.epwfile = os.path.join('EPWs', name) elif GetAll is True: if input('Downloading ALL EPW files available. OK? [y/n]') == 'y': # get all of the EPW files for index, row in df.iterrows(): print('Getting weather file: ' + row['name']) _downloadEPWfile(row['url'], path_to_save, row['name']) self.epwfile = None else: print('Nothing returned. Proper usage: epwfile = getEPW(lat,lon)') self.epwfile = None return self.epwfile
[docs] def readWeatherFile(self, weatherFile=None, starttime=None, endtime=None, label=None, source=None, coerce_year=None, tz_convert_val=None): """ Read either a EPW or a TMY file, calls the functions :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.readTMY` or :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.readEPW` according to the weatherfile extention. Parameters ---------- weatherFile : str File containing the weather information. EPW, TMY or solargis accepted. starttime : str Limited start time option in 'YYYY-mm-dd_HHMM' or 'mm_dd_HH' format endtime : str Limited end time option in 'YYYY-mm-dd_HHMM' or 'mm_dd_HH' format daydate : str DEPRECATED For single day in 'MM/DD' or MM_DD format. Now use starttime and endtime set to the same date. label : str 'left', 'right', or 'center'. For data that is averaged, defines if the timestamp refers to the left edge, the right edge, or the center of the averaging interval, for purposes of calculating sunposition. For example, TMY3 data is right-labeled, so 11 AM data represents data from 10 to 11, and sun position is calculated at 10:30 AM. Currently SAM and PVSyst use left-labeled interval data and NSRDB uses centered. source : str To help identify different types of .csv files. If None, it assumes it is a TMY3-style formated data. Current options: 'TMY3', 'solargis', 'EPW' coerce_year : int Year to coerce weather data to in YYYY format, ie 2021. If more than one year of data in the weather file, year is NOT coerced. tz_convert_val : int Convert timezone to this fixed value, following ISO standard (negative values indicating West of UTC.) """ #from datetime import datetime import warnings if weatherFile is None: if hasattr(self,'epwfile'): weatherFile = self.epwfile else: try: weatherFile = _interactive_load('Select EPW or TMY3 climate file') except: raise Exception('Interactive load failed. Tkinter not supported'+ 'on this system. Try installing X-Quartz and reloading') if coerce_year is not None: coerce_year = int(coerce_year) if str(coerce_year).__len__() != 4: warnings.warn('Incorrect coerce_year. Setting to None') coerce_year = None def _parseTimes(t, hour, coerce_year): ''' parse time input t which could be string mm_dd_HH or YYYY-mm-dd_HHMM or datetime.datetime object. Return pd.datetime object. Define hour as hour input if not passed directly. ''' import re if type(t) == str: try: tsplit = re.split('-|_| ', t) #mm_dd format if tsplit.__len__() == 2 and t.__len__() == 5: if coerce_year is None: coerce_year = 2021 #default year. tsplit.insert(0,str(coerce_year)) tsplit.append(str(hour).rjust(2,'0')+'00') #mm_dd_hh or YYYY_mm_dd format elif tsplit.__len__() == 3 : if tsplit[0].__len__() == 2: if coerce_year is None: coerce_year = 2021 #default year. tsplit.insert(0,str(coerce_year)) elif tsplit[0].__len__() == 4: tsplit.append(str(hour).rjust(2,'0')+'00') #YYYY-mm-dd_HHMM format if tsplit.__len__() == 4 and tsplit[0].__len__() == 4: t_out = pd.to_datetime(''.join(tsplit).ljust(12,'0') ) else: raise Exception(f'incorrect time string passed {t}.' 'Valid options: mm_dd, mm_dd_HH, ' 'mm_dd_HHMM, YYYY-mm-dd_HHMM') except Exception as e: # Error for incorrect string passed: raise(e) else: #datetime or timestamp try: t_out = pd.to_datetime(t) except pd.errors.ParserError: print('incorrect time object passed. Valid options: ' 'string or datetime.datetime or pd.timeIndex. You ' f'passed {type(t)}.') return t_out, coerce_year # end _parseTimes def _tz_convert(metdata, metadata, tz_convert_val): """ convert metdata to a different local timzone. Particularly for SolarGIS weather files which are returned in UTC by default. ---------- tz_convert_val : int Convert timezone to this fixed value, following ISO standard (negative values indicating West of UTC.) Returns: metdata, metadata """ import pytz if (type(tz_convert_val) == int) | (type(tz_convert_val) == float): metadata['TZ'] = tz_convert_val metdata = metdata.tz_convert(pytz.FixedOffset(tz_convert_val*60)) return metdata, metadata # end _tz_convert if source is None: if weatherFile[-3:].lower() == 'epw': source = 'EPW' else: print('Warning: CSV file passed for input. Assuming it is TMY3'+ 'style format') source = 'TMY3' if label is None: label = 'right' # EPW and TMY are by deffault right-labeled. if source.lower() == 'solargis': if label is None: label = 'center' metdata, metadata = self._readSOLARGIS(weatherFile, label=label) if source.lower() =='epw': metdata, metadata = self._readEPW(weatherFile, label=label) if source.lower() =='tmy3': metdata, metadata = self._readTMY(weatherFile, label=label) metdata, metadata = _tz_convert(metdata, metadata, tz_convert_val) tzinfo = metdata.index.tzinfo tempMetDatatitle = 'metdata_temp.csv' # Parse the start and endtime strings. if starttime is not None: starttime, coerce_year = _parseTimes(starttime, 1, coerce_year) starttime = starttime.tz_localize(tzinfo) if endtime is not None: endtime, coerce_year = _parseTimes(endtime, 23, coerce_year) endtime = endtime.tz_localize(tzinfo) ''' #TODO: do we really need this check? if coerce_year is not None and starttime is not None: if coerce_year != starttime.year or coerce_year != endtime.year: print("Warning: Coerce year does not match requested sampled "+ "date(s)'s years. Setting Coerce year to None.") coerce_year = None ''' tmydata_trunc = self._saveTempTMY(metdata, filename=tempMetDatatitle, starttime=starttime, endtime=endtime, coerce_year=coerce_year, label=label) if tmydata_trunc.__len__() > 0: self.metdata = MetObj(tmydata_trunc, metadata, label = label) else: self.metdata = None raise Exception('Weather file returned zero points for the ' 'starttime / endtime provided') return self.metdata
def _saveTempTMY(self, tmydata, filename=None, starttime=None, endtime=None, coerce_year=None, label=None): ''' private function to save part or all of tmydata into /EPWs/ for use in gencumsky -G mode and return truncated tmydata. Gencumsky 8760 starts with Jan 1, 1AM and ends Dec 31, 2400 starttime: tz-localized pd.TimeIndex endtime: tz-localized pd.TimeIndex returns: tmydata_truncated : subset of tmydata based on start & end ''' if filename is None: filename = 'temp.csv' gencumskydata = None gencumdict = None if len(tmydata) == 8760: print("8760 line in WeatherFile. Assuming this is a standard hourly"+ " WeatherFile for the year for purposes of saving Gencumulativesky"+ " temporary weather files in EPW folder.") if coerce_year is None and starttime is not None: coerce_year = starttime.year # SILVANA: If user doesn't pass starttime, and doesn't select # coerce_year, then do we really need to coerce it? elif coerce_year is None: coerce_year = 2021 print(f"Coercing year to {coerce_year}") with warnings.catch_warnings(): warnings.simplefilter("ignore") tmydata.index.values[:] = tmydata.index[:] + pd.DateOffset(year=(coerce_year)) # Correcting last index to next year. tmydata.index.values[-1] = tmydata.index[-1] + pd.DateOffset(year=(coerce_year+1)) # FilterDates filterdates = None if starttime is not None and endtime is not None: starttime filterdates = (tmydata.index >= starttime) & (tmydata.index <= endtime) else: if starttime is not None: filterdates = (tmydata.index >= starttime) if endtime is not None: filterdates = (tmydata.index <= endtime) if filterdates is not None: print("Filtering dates") tmydata[~filterdates] = 0 gencumskydata = tmydata.copy() else: if len(tmydata.index.year.unique()) == 1: if coerce_year: # TODO: check why subhourly data still has 0 entries on the next day on _readTMY3 # in the meantime, let's make Silvana's life easy by just deletig 0 entries tmydata = tmydata[~(tmydata.index.hour == 0)] print(f"Coercing year to {coerce_year}") # TODO: this coercing shows a python warning. Turn it off or find another method? bleh. tmydata.index.values[:] = tmydata.index[:] + pd.DateOffset(year=(coerce_year)) # FilterDates filterdates = None if starttime is not None and endtime is not None: filterdates = (tmydata.index >= starttime) & (tmydata.index <= endtime) else: if starttime is not None: filterdates = (tmydata.index >= starttime) if endtime is not None: filterdates = (tmydata.index <= endtime) if filterdates is not None: print("Filtering dates") tmydata[~filterdates] = 0 gencumskydata = tmydata.copy() gencumskydata = _subhourlydatatoGencumskyformat(gencumskydata, label=label) else: if coerce_year: print("More than 1 year of data identified. Can't do coercing") # Check if years are consecutive l = list(tmydata.index.year.unique()) if l != list(range(min(l), max(l)+1)): print("Years are not consecutive. Won't be able to use Gencumsky"+ " because who knows what's going on with this data.") else: print("Years are consecutive. For Gencumsky, make sure to select"+ " which yearly temporary weather file you want to use"+ " else they will all get accumulated to same hour/day") # FilterDates filterdates = None if starttime is not None and endtime is not None: filterdates = (tmydata.index >= starttime) & (tmydata.index <= endtime) else: if starttime is not None: filterdates = (tmydata.index >= starttime) if endtime is not None: filterdates = (tmydata.index <= endtime) if filterdates is not None: print("Filtering dates") tmydata = tmydata[filterdates] # Reducing years potentially # Checking if filtering reduced to just 1 year to do usual savin. if len(tmydata.index.year.unique()) == 1: gencumskydata = tmydata.copy() gencumskydata = _subhourlydatatoGencumskyformat(gencumskydata, label=label) else: gencumdict = [g for n, g in tmydata.groupby(pd.Grouper(freq='Y'))] for ii in range(0, len(gencumdict)): gencumskydata = gencumdict[ii] gencumskydata = _subhourlydatatoGencumskyformat(gencumskydata, label=label) gencumdict[ii] = gencumskydata gencumskydata = None # clearing so that the dictionary style can be activated. # Let's save files in EPWs folder for Gencumsky if gencumskydata is not None: csvfile = os.path.join('EPWs', filename) print('Saving file {}, # points: {}'.format(csvfile, gencumskydata.__len__())) gencumskydata.to_csv(csvfile, index=False, header=False, sep=' ', columns=['GHI','DHI']) self.gencumsky_metfile = csvfile if gencumdict is not None: self.gencumsky_metfile = [] for ii in range (0, len(gencumdict)): gencumskydata = gencumdict[ii] newfilename = filename.split('.')[0]+'_year_'+str(ii)+'.csv' csvfile = os.path.join('EPWs', newfilename) print('Saving file {}, # points: {}'.format(csvfile, gencumskydata.__len__())) gencumskydata.to_csv(csvfile, index=False, header=False, sep=' ', columns=['GHI','DHI']) self.gencumsky_metfile.append(csvfile) return tmydata def _readTMY(self, tmyfile=None, label = 'right', coerce_year=None): ''' use pvlib to read in a tmy3 file. Note: pvlib 0.7 does not currently support sub-hourly files. Until then, use _readTMYdate() to create the index Parameters ------------ tmyfile : str Filename of tmy3 to be read with pvlib.tmy.readtmy3 label : str 'left', 'right', or 'center'. For data that is averaged, defines if the timestamp refers to the left edge, the right edge, or the center of the averaging interval, for purposes of calculating sunposition. For example, TMY3 data is right-labeled, so 11 AM data represents data from 10 to 11, and sun position is calculated at 10:30 AM. Currently SAM and PVSyst use left-labeled interval data and NSRDB uses centered. coerce_year : int Year to coerce to. Default is 2021. Returns ------- metdata - MetObj collected from TMY3 file ''' def _convertTMYdate(data, meta): ''' requires pvlib 0.8, updated to handle subhourly timestamps ''' # get the date column as a pd.Series of numpy datetime64 data_ymd = pd.to_datetime(data['Date (MM/DD/YYYY)']) # shift the time column so that midnite is 00:00 instead of 24:00 shifted_hour = data['Time (HH:MM)'].str[:2].astype(int) % 24 minute = data['Time (HH:MM)'].str[3:].astype(int) # shift the dates at midnite so they correspond to the next day data_ymd[shifted_hour == 0] += datetime.timedelta(days=1) # NOTE: as of pandas>=0.24 the pd.Series.array has a month attribute, but # in pandas-0.18.1, only DatetimeIndex has month, but indices are immutable # so we need to continue to work with the panda series of dates `data_ymd` data_index = pd.DatetimeIndex(data_ymd) # use indices to check for a leap day and advance it to March 1st leapday = (data_index.month == 2) & (data_index.day == 29) data_ymd[leapday] += datetime.timedelta(days=1) # shifted_hour is a pd.Series, so use pd.to_timedelta to get a pd.Series of # timedeltas # NOTE: as of pvlib-0.6.3, min req is pandas-0.18.1, so pd.to_timedelta # unit must be in (D,h,m,s,ms,us,ns), but pandas>=0.24 allows unit='hour' data.index = (data_ymd + pd.to_timedelta(shifted_hour, unit='h') + pd.to_timedelta(minute, unit='min') ) data = data.tz_localize(int(meta['TZ'] * 3600)) return data import pvlib #(tmydata, metadata) = pvlib.tmy.readtmy3(filename=tmyfile) #pvlib<=0.6 (tmydata, metadata) = pvlib.iotools.tmy.read_tmy3(filename=tmyfile, coerce_year=coerce_year) try: tmydata = _convertTMYdate(tmydata, metadata) except KeyError: print('PVLib >= 0.8.0 is required for sub-hourly data input') return tmydata, metadata def _readEPW(self, epwfile=None, label = 'right', coerce_year=None): """ Uses readepw from pvlib>0.6.1 but un-do -1hr offset and rename columns to match TMY3: DNI, DHI, GHI, DryBulb, Wspd Parameters ------------ epwfile : str Direction and filename of the epwfile. If None, opens an interactive loading window. label : str 'left', 'right', or 'center'. For data that is averaged, defines if the timestamp refers to the left edge, the right edge, or the center of the averaging interval, for purposes of calculating sunposition. For example, TMY3 data is right-labeled, so 11 AM data represents data from 10 to 11, and sun position is calculated at 10:30 AM. Currently SAM and PVSyst use left-labeled interval data and NSRDB uses centered. coerce_year : int Year to coerce data to. """ import pvlib #import re ''' NOTE: In PVLib > 0.6.1 the new epw.read_epw() function reads in time with a default -1 hour offset. This is reflected in our existing workflow. ''' #(tmydata, metadata) = readepw(epwfile) # (tmydata, metadata) = pvlib.iotools.epw.read_epw(epwfile, coerce_year=coerce_year) #pvlib>0.6.1 #pvlib uses -1hr offset that needs to be un-done. Why did they do this? tmydata.index = tmydata.index+pd.Timedelta(hours=1) # rename different field parameters to match output from # pvlib.tmy.readtmy: DNI, DHI, DryBulb, Wspd tmydata.rename(columns={'dni':'DNI', 'dhi':'DHI', 'temp_air':'DryBulb', 'wind_speed':'Wspd', 'ghi':'GHI', 'albedo':'Alb' }, inplace=True) return tmydata, metadata def _readSOLARGIS(self, filename=None, label='center'): """ Read solarGIS data file which is timestamped in UTC. rename columns to match TMY3: DNI, DHI, GHI, DryBulb, Wspd Timezone is always returned as UTC. Use tz_convert in readWeatherFile to manually convert to local time Parameters ------------ filename : str filename of the solarGIS file. label : str 'left', 'right', or 'center'. For data that is averaged, defines if the timestamp refers to the left edge, the right edge, or the center of the averaging interval. SolarGis default style is center, unless user requests a right label. """ # file format: anything with # preceding is in the header header = []; lat = None; lon = None; elev = None; name = None with open(filename, 'r') as result: for line in result: if line.startswith('#'): header.append(line) if line.startswith('#Latitude:'): lat = line[11:] if line.startswith('#Longitude:'): lon = line[12:] if line.startswith('#Elevation:'): elev = line[12:17] if line.startswith('#Site name:'): name = line[12:-1] else: break metadata = {'latitude':float(lat), 'longitude':float(lon), 'altitude':float(elev), 'Name':name, 'TZ':0.0} # read in remainder of data data = pd.read_csv(filename,skiprows=header.__len__(), delimiter=';') # rename different field parameters to match output from # pvlib.tmy.readtmy: DNI, DHI, DryBulb, Wspd data.rename(columns={'DIF':'DHI', 'TEMP':'DryBulb', 'WS':'Wspd', }, inplace=True) # Generate index from Date (DD.HH.YYYY) and Time data.index = pd.to_datetime(data.Date + ' ' + data.Time, dayfirst=True, utc=True, infer_datetime_format = True) return data, metadata
[docs] def getSingleTimestampTrackerAngle(self, metdata, timeindex, gcr=None, azimuth=180, axis_tilt=0, limit_angle=45, backtrack=True): """ Helper function to calculate a tracker's angle for use with the fixed tilt routines of bifacial_radiance. It calculates tracker angle for sun position at the timeindex passed (no left or right time offset, label = 'center') Parameters ---------- metdata : :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.MetObj` Meterological object to set up geometry. Usually set automatically by `bifacial_radiance` after running :py:class:`bifacial_radiance.readepw`. Default = self.metdata timeindex : int Index between 0 to 8760 indicating hour to simulate. gcr : float Ground coverage ratio for calculation backtracking. Defualt [1.0/3.0] azimuth : float or int Orientation axis of tracker torque tube. Default North-South (180 deg) axis_tilt : float or int Default 0. Axis tilt -- not implemented in sensors locations so it's pointless at this release to change it. limit_angle : float or int Limit angle (+/-) of the 1-axis tracker in degrees. Default 45 backtrack : boolean Whether backtracking is enabled (default = True) """ ''' elev = metdata.elevation lat = metdata.latitude lon = metdata.longitude timestamp = metdata.datetime[timeindex] ''' import pvlib solpos = metdata.solpos.iloc[timeindex] sunzen = float(solpos.apparent_zenith) sunaz = float(solpos.azimuth) # not substracting the 180 trackingdata = pvlib.tracking.singleaxis(sunzen, sunaz, axis_tilt, azimuth, limit_angle, backtrack, gcr) tracker_theta = float(np.round(trackingdata['tracker_theta'],2)) tracker_theta = tracker_theta*-1 # bifacial_radiance uses East (morning) theta as positive return tracker_theta
[docs] def gendaylit(self, timeindex, metdata=None, debug=False): """ Sets and returns sky information using gendaylit. Uses PVLIB for calculating the sun position angles instead of using Radiance internal sun position calculation (for that use gendaylit function) Parameters ---------- timeindex : int Index from 0 to ~4000 of the MetObj (daylight hours only) metdata : ``MetObj`` MetObj object with list of dni, dhi, ghi and location debug : bool Flag to print output of sky DHI and DNI Returns ------- skyname : str Sets as a self.skyname and returns filename of sky in /skies/ directory. If errors exist, such as DNI = 0 or sun below horizon, this skyname is None """ import warnings if metdata is None: try: metdata = self.metdata except: print('usage: pass metdata, or run after running ' + 'readWeatherfile() ') return ground = self.ground locName = metdata.city dni = metdata.dni[timeindex] dhi = metdata.dhi[timeindex] ghi = metdata.ghi[timeindex] elev = metdata.elevation lat = metdata.latitude lon = metdata.longitude # Assign Albedos try: if ground.ReflAvg.shape == metdata.dni.shape: groundindex = timeindex elif self.ground.ReflAvg.shape[0] == 1: # just 1 entry groundindex = 0 else: warnings.warn("Shape of ground Albedos and TMY data do not match.") return except: print('usage: make sure to run setGround() before gendaylit()') return if debug is True: print('Sky generated with Gendaylit, with DNI: %0.1f, DHI: %0.1f' % (dni, dhi)) print("Datetime TimeIndex", metdata.datetime[timeindex]) #Time conversion to correct format and offset. #datetime = metdata.sunrisesetdata['corrected_timestamp'][timeindex] #Don't need any of this any more. Already sunrise/sunset corrected and offset by appropriate interval # get solar position zenith and azimuth based on site metadata #solpos = pvlib.irradiance.solarposition.get_solarposition(datetimetz,lat,lon,elev) solpos = metdata.solpos.iloc[timeindex] sunalt = float(solpos.elevation) # Radiance expects azimuth South = 0, PVlib gives South = 180. Must substract 180 to match. sunaz = float(solpos.azimuth)-180.0 sky_path = 'skies' if dhi <= 0: self.skyfiles = [None] return None # We should already be filtering for elevation >0. But just in case... if sunalt <= 0: sunalt = np.arcsin((ghi-dhi)/(dni+.001))*180/np.pi # reverse engineer elevation from ghi, dhi, dni print('Warning: negative sun elevation at '+ '{}. '.format(metdata.datetime[timeindex])+ 'Re-calculated elevation: {:0.2}'.format(sunalt)) # Note - -W and -O1 option is used to create full spectrum analysis in units of Wm-2 #" -L %s %s -g %s \n" %(dni/.0079, dhi/.0079, self.ground.ReflAvg) + \ skyStr = ("# start of sky definition for daylighting studies\n" + \ "# location name: " + str(locName) + " LAT: " + str(lat) +" LON: " + str(lon) + " Elev: " + str(elev) + "\n" "# Sun position calculated w. PVLib\n" + \ "!gendaylit -ang %s %s" %(sunalt, sunaz)) + \ " -W %s %s -g %s -O 1 \n" %(dni, dhi, ground.ReflAvg[groundindex]) + \ "skyfunc glow sky_mat\n0\n0\n4 1 1 1 0\n" + \ "\nsky_mat source sky\n0\n0\n4 0 0 1 180\n" + \ ground._makeGroundString(index=groundindex, cumulativesky=False) time = metdata.datetime[timeindex] #filename = str(time)[2:-9].replace('-','_').replace(' ','_').replace(':','_') filename = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H%M') skyname = os.path.join(sky_path,"sky2_%s_%s_%s.rad" %(lat, lon, filename)) skyFile = open(skyname, 'w') skyFile.write(skyStr) skyFile.close() self.skyfiles = [skyname] return skyname
[docs] def gendaylit2manual(self, dni, dhi, sunalt, sunaz): """ Sets and returns sky information using gendaylit. Uses user-provided data for sun position and irradiance. .. warning:: This generates the sky at the sun altitude&azimuth provided, make sure it is the right position relative to how the weather data got created and read (i.e. label right, left or center). Parameters ------------ dni: int or float Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) value, in W/m^2 dhi : int or float Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI) value, in W/m^2 sunalt : int or float Sun altitude (degrees) sunaz : int or float Sun azimuth (degrees) Returns ------- skyname : string Filename of sky in /skies/ directory """ print('Sky generated with Gendaylit 2 MANUAL, with DNI: %0.1f, DHI: %0.1f' % (dni, dhi)) sky_path = 'skies' if sunalt <= 0 or dhi <= 0: self.skyfiles = [None] return None # Assign Albedos try: if self.ground.ReflAvg.shape[0] == 1: # just 1 entry groundindex = 0 else: print("Ambiguous albedo entry, Set albedo to single value " "in setGround()") return except: print('usage: make sure to run setGround() before gendaylit()') return # Note: -W and -O1 are used to create full spectrum analysis in units of Wm-2 #" -L %s %s -g %s \n" %(dni/.0079, dhi/.0079, self.ground.ReflAvg) + \ skyStr = ("# start of sky definition for daylighting studies\n" + \ "# Manual inputs of DNI, DHI, SunAlt and SunAZ into Gendaylit used \n" + \ "!gendaylit -ang %s %s" %(sunalt, sunaz)) + \ " -W %s %s -g %s -O 1 \n" %(dni, dhi, self.ground.ReflAvg[groundindex]) + \ "skyfunc glow sky_mat\n0\n0\n4 1 1 1 0\n" + \ "\nsky_mat source sky\n0\n0\n4 0 0 1 180\n" + \ self.ground._makeGroundString(index=groundindex, cumulativesky=False) skyname = os.path.join(sky_path, "sky2_%s.rad" %(self.name)) skyFile = open(skyname, 'w') skyFile.write(skyStr) skyFile.close() self.skyfiles = [skyname] return skyname
[docs] def genCumSky(self, gencumsky_metfile=None, savefile=None): """ Generate Skydome using gencumsky. .. warning:: gencumulativesky.exe is required to be installed, which is not a standard radiance distribution. You can find the program in the bifacial_radiance distribution directory in \Lib\site-packages\bifacial_radiance\data Use :func:`readWeatherFile(filename, starttime='YYYY-mm-dd_HHMM', endtime='YYYY-mm-dd_HHMM')` to limit gencumsky simulations instead. Parameters ------------ gencumsky_metfile : str Filename with path to temporary created meteorological file usually created in EPWs folder. This csv file has no headers, no index, and two space separated columns with values for GHI and DNI for each hour in the year, and MUST have 8760 entries long otherwise gencumulativesky.exe cries. savefile : string If savefile is None, defaults to "cumulative" Returns -------- skyname : str Filename of the .rad file containing cumulativesky info """ # TODO: error checking and auto-install of gencumulativesky.exe # TODO: add check if readWeatherfile has not be done # TODO: check if it fails if gcc module has been loaded? (common hpc issue) #import datetime if gencumsky_metfile is None: gencumsky_metfile = self.gencumsky_metfile if isinstance(gencumsky_metfile, str): print("Loaded ", gencumsky_metfile) if isinstance(gencumsky_metfile, list): print("There are more than 1 year of gencumsky temporal weather file saved."+ "You can pass which file you want with gencumsky_metfile input. Since "+ "No year was selected, defaulting to using the first year of the list") gencumsky_metfile = gencumsky_metfile[0] print("Loaded ", gencumsky_metfile) if savefile is None: savefile = "cumulative" sky_path = 'skies' lat = self.metdata.latitude lon = self.metdata.longitude timeZone = self.metdata.timezone ''' cmd = "gencumulativesky +s1 -h 0 -a %s -o %s -m %s %s " %(lat, lon, float(timeZone)*15, filetype) +\ "-time %s %s -date %s %s %s %s %s" % (startdt.hour, enddt.hour+1, startdt.month, startdt.day, enddt.month, enddt.day, gencumsky_metfile) ''' cmd = (f"gencumulativesky +s1 -h 0 -a {lat} -o {lon} -m " f"{float(timeZone)*15} -G {gencumsky_metfile}" ) with open(savefile+".cal","w") as f: _,err = _popen(cmd, None, f) if err is not None: print(err) # Assign Albedos try: groundstring = self.ground._makeGroundString(cumulativesky=True) except: raise Exception('Error: ground reflection not defined. ' 'Run RadianceObj.setGround() first') return skyStr = "#Cumulative Sky Definition\n" +\ "void brightfunc skyfunc\n" + \ "2 skybright " + "%s.cal\n" % (savefile) + \ "0\n" + \ "0\n" + \ "\nskyfunc glow sky_glow\n" + \ "0\n" + \ "0\n" + \ "4 1 1 1 0\n" + \ "\nsky_glow source sky\n" + \ "0\n" + \ "0\n" + \ "4 0 0 1 180\n" + \ groundstring skyname = os.path.join(sky_path, savefile+".rad") skyFile = open(skyname, 'w') skyFile.write(skyStr) skyFile.close() self.skyfiles = [skyname]#, 'SunFile.rad' ] return skyname
[docs] def set1axis(self, metdata=None, azimuth=180, limit_angle=45, angledelta=5, backtrack=True, gcr=1.0 / 3, cumulativesky=True, fixed_tilt_angle=None, useMeasuredTrackerAngle=False, axis_azimuth=None): """ Set up geometry for 1-axis tracking. Pull in tracking angle details from pvlib, create multiple 8760 metdata sub-files where datetime of met data matches the tracking angle. Returns 'trackerdict' which has keys equal to either the tracker angles (gencumsky workflow) or timestamps (gendaylit hourly workflow) Parameters ------------ metdata : :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.MetObj` Meterological object to set up geometry. Usually set automatically by `bifacial_radiance` after running :py:class:`bifacial_radiance.readepw`. Default = self.metdata azimuth : numeric Orientation axis of tracker torque tube. Default North-South (180 deg). For fixed-tilt configuration, input is fixed azimuth (180 is south) limit_angle : numeric Limit angle (+/-) of the 1-axis tracker in degrees. Default 45 angledelta : numeric Degree of rotation increment to parse irradiance bins. Default 5 degrees. (0.4 % error for DNI). Other options: 4 (.25%), 2.5 (0.1%). Note: the smaller the angledelta, the more simulations must be run. backtrack : bool Whether backtracking is enabled (default = True) gcr : float Ground coverage ratio for calculation backtracking. Defualt [1.0/3.0] cumulativesky : bool [True] Wether individual csv files are created with constant tilt angle for the cumulativesky approach. if false, the gendaylit tracking approach must be used. fixed_tilt_angle : numeric If passed, this changes to a fixed tilt simulation where each hour uses fixed_tilt_angle and axis_azimuth as the tilt and azimuth useMeasuredTrackerAngle: Bool If True, and data for tracker angles has been passed by being included in the WeatherFile object (column name 'Tracker Angle (degrees)'), then tracker angles will be set to these values instead of being calculated. NOTE that the value for azimuth passed to set1axis must be surface azimuth in the morning and not the axis_azimuth (i.e. for a N-S HSAT, azimuth = 90). axis_azimuth : numeric DEPRECATED. returns deprecation warning. Pass the tracker axis_azimuth through to azimuth input instead. Returns ------- trackerdict : dictionary Keys represent tracker tilt angles (gencumsky) or timestamps (gendaylit) and list of csv metfile, and datetimes at that angle trackerdict[angle]['csvfile';'surf_azm';'surf_tilt';'UTCtime'] - or - trackerdict[time]['tracker_theta';'surf_azm';'surf_tilt'] """ # Documentation check: # Removed Internal variables # ------- # metdata.solpos dataframe with solar position data # metdata.surface_azimuth list of tracker azimuth data # metdata.surface_tilt list of tracker surface tilt data # metdata.tracker_theta list of tracker tilt angle import warnings if metdata == None: metdata = self.metdata if metdata == {}: raise Exception("metdata doesnt exist yet. "+ "Run RadianceObj.readWeatherFile() ") if axis_azimuth: azimuth = axis_azimuth warnings.warn("axis_azimuth is deprecated in set1axis; use azimuth " "input instead.", DeprecationWarning) #backtrack = True # include backtracking support in later version #gcr = 1.0/3.0 # default value - not used if backtrack = False. # get 1-axis tracker angles for this location, rounded to nearest 'angledelta' trackerdict = metdata._set1axis(cumulativesky=cumulativesky, azimuth=azimuth, limit_angle=limit_angle, angledelta=angledelta, backtrack=backtrack, gcr=gcr, fixed_tilt_angle=fixed_tilt_angle, useMeasuredTrackerAngle=useMeasuredTrackerAngle ) self.trackerdict = trackerdict self.cumulativesky = cumulativesky return trackerdict
[docs] def gendaylit1axis(self, metdata=None, trackerdict=None, startdate=None, enddate=None, debug=False): """ 1-axis tracking implementation of gendaylit. Creates multiple sky files, one for each time of day. Parameters ------------ metdata MetObj output from readWeatherFile. Needs to have RadianceObj.set1axis() run on it first. startdate : str DEPRECATED, does not do anything now. Recommended to downselect metdata when reading Weather File. enddate : str DEPRECATED, does not do anything now. Recommended to downselect metdata when reading Weather File. trackerdict : dictionary Dictionary with keys for tracker tilt angles (gencumsky) or timestamps (gendaylit) Returns ------- Updated trackerdict dictionary Dictionary with keys for tracker tilt angles (gencumsky) or timestamps (gendaylit) with the additional dictionary value ['skyfile'] added """ if metdata is None: metdata = self.metdata if trackerdict is None: try: trackerdict = self.trackerdict except AttributeError: print('No trackerdict value passed or available in self') if startdate is not None or enddate is not None: print("Deprecation Warning: gendyalit1axis no longer downselects"+ " entries by stardate and enddate. Downselect your data"+ " when loading with readWeatherFile") return try: metdata.tracker_theta # this may not exist except AttributeError: print("metdata.tracker_theta doesn't exist. Run RadianceObj.set1axis() first") if debug is False: print('Creating ~%d skyfiles. '%(len(trackerdict.keys()))) count = 0 # counter to get number of skyfiles created, just for giggles trackerdict2={} for i in range(0, len(trackerdict.keys())): try: time = metdata.datetime[i] except IndexError: #out of range error break # #filename = str(time)[5:-12].replace('-','_').replace(' ','_') filename = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H%M') self.name = filename #check for GHI > 0 #if metdata.ghi[i] > 0: if (metdata.ghi[i] > 0) & (~np.isnan(metdata.tracker_theta[i])): skyfile = self.gendaylit(metdata=metdata,timeindex=i, debug=debug) # trackerdict2 reduces the dict to only the range specified. trackerdict2[filename] = trackerdict[filename] trackerdict2[filename]['skyfile'] = skyfile count +=1 print('Created {} skyfiles in /skies/'.format(count)) self.trackerdict = trackerdict2 return trackerdict2
[docs] def genCumSky1axis(self, trackerdict=None): """ 1-axis tracking implementation of gencumulativesky. Creates multiple .cal files and .rad files, one for each tracker angle. Use :func:`readWeatherFile` to limit gencumsky simulations Parameters ------------ trackerdict : dictionary Trackerdict generated as output by RadianceObj.set1axis() Returns ------- trackerdict : dictionary Trackerdict dictionary with new entry trackerdict.skyfile Appends 'skyfile' to the 1-axis dict with the location of the sky .radfile """ if trackerdict == None: try: trackerdict = self.trackerdict except AttributeError: print('No trackerdict value passed or available in self') for theta in sorted(trackerdict): # call gencumulativesky with a new .cal and .rad name csvfile = trackerdict[theta]['csvfile'] savefile = '1axis_%s'%(theta) #prefix for .cal file and skies\*.rad file skyfile = self.genCumSky(gencumsky_metfile=csvfile, savefile=savefile) trackerdict[theta]['skyfile'] = skyfile print('Created skyfile %s'%(skyfile)) # delete default skyfile (not strictly necessary) self.skyfiles = None self.trackerdict = trackerdict return trackerdict
[docs] def makeOct(self, filelist=None, octname=None): """ Combine everything together into a .oct file Parameters ---------- filelist : list Files to include. otherwise takes self.filelist octname : str filename (without .oct extension) Returns ------- octname : str filename of .oct file in root directory including extension err : str Error message returned from oconv (if any) """ if filelist is None: filelist = self.getfilelist() if octname is None: octname = self.name debug = False #JSS. With the way that the break is handled now, this will wait the 10 for all the hours # that were not generated sky files. if self.hpc : import time time_to_wait = 10 time_counter = 0 for file in filelist: if debug: print("HPC Checking for file %s" % (file)) if None in filelist: # are we missing any files? abort! print('Missing files, skipping...') self.octfile = None return None #Filesky is being saved as 'none', so it crashes ! while not os.path.exists(file): time.sleep(1) time_counter += 1 if time_counter > time_to_wait: print ("filenotfound") break #os.system('oconv '+ ' '.join(filelist) + ' > %s.oct' % (octname)) if None in filelist: # are we missing any files? abort! print('Missing files, skipping...') self.octfile = None return None #cmd = 'oconv ' + ' '.join(filelist) filelist.insert(0,'oconv') with open('%s.oct' % (octname), "w") as f: _,err = _popen(filelist, None, f) #TODO: exception handling for no sun up if err is not None: if err[0:5] == 'error': raise Exception(err[7:]) if err[0:7] == 'message': warnings.warn(err[9:], Warning) #use rvu to see if everything looks good. # use cmd for this since it locks out the terminal. #'rvu -vf views\side.vp -e .01 monopanel_test.oct' print("Created %s.oct" % (octname)) self.octfile = '%s.oct' % (octname) return '%s.oct' % (octname)
[docs] def makeOct1axis(self, trackerdict=None, singleindex=None, customname=None): """ Combine files listed in trackerdict into multiple .oct files Parameters ------------ trackerdict Output from :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.RadianceObj.makeScene1axis` singleindex : str Single index for trackerdict to run makeOct1axis in single-value mode, format 'YYYY-MM-DD_HHMM'. customname : str Custom text string added to the end of the OCT file name. Returns ------- trackerdict Append 'octfile' to the 1-axis dict with the location of the scene .octfile """ if customname is None: customname = '' if trackerdict is None: try: trackerdict = self.trackerdict except AttributeError: print('No trackerdict value passed or available in self') if singleindex is None: # loop through all values in the tracker dictionary indexlist = trackerdict.keys() else: # just loop through one single index in tracker dictionary indexlist = [singleindex] print('\nMaking {} octfiles in root directory.'.format(indexlist.__len__())) for index in sorted(indexlist): # run through either entire key list of trackerdict, or just a single value try: filelist = self.materialfiles + [trackerdict[index]['skyfile'], trackerdict[index]['radfile']] octname = '1axis_%s%s'%(index, customname) trackerdict[index]['octfile'] = self.makeOct(filelist, octname) except KeyError as e: print('Trackerdict key error: {}'.format(e)) return trackerdict
[docs] def makeModule(self, name=None, x=None, y=None, z=None, modulefile=None, text=None, customtext='', xgap=0.01, ygap=0.0, zgap=0.1, numpanels=1, rewriteModulefile=True, glass=False, modulematerial=None, bifi=1, **kwargs): """ pass module generation details into ModuleObj(). See ModuleObj() docstring for more details """ from bifacial_radiance import ModuleObj if name is None: print("usage: makeModule(name,x,y,z, modulefile = '\objects\*.rad', "+ " zgap = 0.1 (module offset)"+ "numpanels = 1 (# of panels in portrait), ygap = 0.05 "+ "(slope distance between panels when arrayed), "+ "rewriteModulefile = True (or False), bifi = 1") print("You can also override module_type info by passing 'text'"+ "variable, or add on at the end for racking details with "+ "'customtext'. See function definition for more details") print("Optional: tubeParams={} (torque tube details including " "diameter (torque tube dia. in meters), tubetype='Round' " "(or 'square', 'hex'), material='Metal_Grey' (or 'black')" ", axisofrotation=True (does scene rotate around tube)") print("Optional: cellModule={} (create cell-level module by "+ " passing in dictionary with keys 'numcellsx'6 (#cells in "+ "X-dir.), 'numcellsy', 'xcell' (cell size in X-dir. in meters),"+ "'ycell', 'xcellgap' (spacing between cells in X-dir.), 'ycellgap'") print("Optional: omegaParams={} (create the support structure omega by "+ "passing in dictionary with keys 'omega_material' (the material of "+ "omega), 'mod_overlap'(the length of the module adjacent piece of"+ " omega that overlaps with the module),'x_omega1', 'y_omega' (ideally same"+ " for all the parts of omega),'z_omega1', 'x_omega2' (X-dir length of the"+ " vertical piece), 'x_omega3', z_omega3") return """ # TODO: check for deprecated torquetube and axisofrotationTorqueTube in kwargs. """ if 'tubeParams' in kwargs: tubeParams = kwargs.pop('tubeParams') else: tubeParams = None if 'torquetube' in kwargs: torquetube = kwargs.pop('torquetube') print("\nWarning: boolean input `torquetube` passed into makeModule" ". Starting in v0.4.0 this boolean parameter is deprecated." " Use module.addTorquetube() with `visible` parameter instead.") if tubeParams: tubeParams['visible'] = torquetube elif (tubeParams is None) & (torquetube is True): tubeParams = {'visible':True} # create default TT if 'axisofrotationTorqueTube' in kwargs: axisofrotation = kwargs.pop('axisofrotationTorqueTube') print("\nWarning: input boolean `axisofrotationTorqueTube` passed " "into makeModule. Starting in v0.4.0 this boolean parameter is" " deprecated. Use module.addTorquetube() with `axisofrotation`" "parameter instead.") if tubeParams: #this kwarg only does somehting if there's a TT. tubeParams['axisofrotation'] = axisofrotation if self.hpc: # trigger HPC simulation in ModuleObj kwargs['hpc']=True self.module = ModuleObj(name=name, x=x, y=y, z=z, bifi=bifi, modulefile=modulefile, text=text, customtext=customtext, xgap=xgap, ygap=ygap, zgap=zgap, numpanels=numpanels, rewriteModulefile=rewriteModulefile, glass=glass, modulematerial=modulematerial, tubeParams=tubeParams, **kwargs) return self.module
[docs] def makeCustomObject(self, name=None, text=None): """ Function for development and experimenting with extraneous objects in the scene. This function creates a `name.rad` textfile in the objects folder with whatever text that is passed to it. It is up to the user to pass the correct radiance format. For example, to create a box at coordinates 0,0 (with its bottom surface on the plane z=0): .. code-block: name = 'box' text='! genbox black PVmodule 0.5 0.5 0.5 | xform -t -0.25 -0.25 0' Parameters ---------- name : str String input to name the module type text : str Text used in the radfile to generate the module """ customradfile = os.path.join('objects', '%s.rad'%(name)) # update in 0.2.3 to shorten radnames # py2 and 3 compatible: binary write, encode text first with open(customradfile, 'wb') as f: f.write(text.encode('ascii')) print("\nCustom Object Name", customradfile) self.customradfile = customradfile return customradfile
def printModules(self): # print available module types from ModuleObj from bifacial_radiance import ModuleObj modulenames = ModuleObj().readModule() print('Available module names: {}'.format([str(x) for x in modulenames])) return modulenames
[docs] def makeScene(self, module=None, sceneDict=None, radname=None, moduletype=None): """ Create a SceneObj which contains details of the PV system configuration including tilt, row pitch, height, nMods per row, nRows in the system... Parameters ---------- module : str or ModuleObj String name of module created with makeModule() sceneDict : dictionary Dictionary with keys: `tilt`, `clearance_height`*, `pitch`, `azimuth`, `nMods`, `nRows`, `hub_height`*, `height`* * height deprecated from sceneDict. For makeScene (fixed systems) if passed it is assumed it reffers to clearance_height. `clearance_height` recommended for fixed_tracking systems. `hub_height` can also be passed as a possibility. radname : str Gives a custom name to the scene file. Useful when parallelizing. moduletype: DEPRECATED. use the `module` kwarg instead. Returns ------- SceneObj 'scene' with configuration details """ if moduletype is not None: module = moduletype print("Warning: input `moduletype` is deprecated. Use kwarg " "`module` instead") if module is None: try: module = self.module print(f'Using last saved module, name: {module.name}') except AttributeError: print('makeScene(module, sceneDict, nMods, nRows). '+\ 'Available moduletypes: ' ) self.printModules() #print available module types return self.scene = SceneObj(module) self.scene.hpc = self.hpc #pass HPC mode from parent if sceneDict is None: print('makeScene(moduletype, sceneDict, nMods, nRows). '+\ 'sceneDict inputs: .tilt .clearance_height .pitch .azimuth') return self.scene if 'azimuth' not in sceneDict: sceneDict['azimuth'] = 180 if 'nRows' not in sceneDict: sceneDict['nRows'] = 7 if 'nMods' not in sceneDict: sceneDict['nMods'] = 20 # Fixed tilt routine # Preferred: clearance_height, # If only height is passed, it is assumed to be clearance_height. sceneDict, use_clearanceheight = _heightCasesSwitcher(sceneDict, preferred='clearance_height', nonpreferred='hub_height') #self.nMods = sceneDict['nMods'] #self.nRows = sceneDict['nRows'] sceneRAD = self.scene._makeSceneNxR(sceneDict=sceneDict, radname=radname) if 'appendRadfile' not in sceneDict: appendRadfile = False else: appendRadfile = sceneDict['appendRadfile'] if appendRadfile: debug = False try: self.radfiles.append(sceneRAD) if debug: print( "Radfile APPENDED!") except: #TODO: Manage situation where radfile was created with #appendRadfile to False first.. self.radfiles=[] self.radfiles.append(sceneRAD) if debug: print( "Radfile APPENDAGE created!") else: self.radfiles = [sceneRAD] return self.scene
[docs] def appendtoScene(self, radfile=None, customObject=None, text=''): """ Appends to the `Scene radfile` in folder `\objects` the text command in Radiance lingo created by the user. Useful when using addCustomObject to the scene. Parameters ---------- radfile: str Directory and name of where .rad scene file is stored customObject : str Directory and name of custom object .rad file is stored text : str Command to be appended to the radfile. Do not leave empty spaces at the end. Returns ------- Nothing, the radfile must already be created and assigned when running this. """ #TODO: Add a custom name and replace radfile name # py2 and 3 compatible: binary write, encode text first text2 = '\n' + text + ' ' + customObject debug = False if debug: print (text2) with open(radfile, 'a+') as f: f.write(text2)
[docs] def makeScene1axis(self, trackerdict=None, module=None, sceneDict=None, cumulativesky=None, moduletype=None): """ Creates a SceneObj for each tracking angle which contains details of the PV system configuration including row pitch, hub_height, nMods per row, nRows in the system... Parameters ------------ trackerdict Output from GenCumSky1axis module : str or ModuleObj Name or ModuleObj created with makeModule() sceneDict : Dictionary with keys:`tilt`, `hub_height`, `pitch`, `azimuth` cumulativesky : bool Defines if sky will be generated with cumulativesky or gendaylit. moduletype: DEPRECATED. use the `module` kwarg instead. Returns -------- trackerdict Append the following keys 'radfile' directory where .rad scene file is stored 'scene' SceneObj for each tracker theta 'clearance_height' Calculated ground clearance based on `hub height`, `tilt` angle and overall collector width `sceney` """ import math if sceneDict is None: print('usage: makeScene1axis(module, sceneDict, nMods, nRows).'+ 'sceneDict inputs: .hub_height .azimuth .nMods .nRows'+ 'and .pitch or .gcr') return # If no nRows or nMods assigned on deprecated variable or dictionary, # assign default. if 'nRows' not in sceneDict: sceneDict['nRows'] = 7 if 'nMods' not in sceneDict: sceneDict['nMods'] = 20 if trackerdict is None: try: trackerdict = self.trackerdict except AttributeError: print('No trackerdict value passed or available in self') if cumulativesky is None: try: # see if cumulativesky = False was set earlier, # e.g. in RadianceObj.set1axis cumulativesky = self.cumulativesky except AttributeError: # default cumulativesky = true to maintain backward compatibility. cumulativesky = True if moduletype is not None: module = moduletype print("Warning: input `moduletype` is deprecated. Use kwarg " "`module` instead") if module is None: try: module = self.module print(f'Using last saved module, name: {module.name}') except AttributeError: print('usage: makeScene1axis(trackerdict, module, '+ 'sceneDict, nMods, nRows). ') self.printModules() #print available module types return if 'orientation' in sceneDict: raise Exception('\n\n ERROR: Orientation format has been ' 'deprecated since version 0.2.4. If you want to flip your ' 'modules, on makeModule switch the x and y values.\n\n') # 1axis routine # Preferred hub_height sceneDict, use_clearanceheight = _heightCasesSwitcher(sceneDict, preferred='hub_height', nonpreferred='clearance_height') if use_clearanceheight: simplefix = 0 hubheight = sceneDict['clearance_height'] # Not really, but this is the fastest # to make it work with the simplefix as below the actual clearnace height # gets calculated and the 0 sets the cosine correction to 0. # TODO CLEAN THIS UP. else: #the hub height is the tracker height at center of rotation. hubheight = sceneDict['hub_height'] simplefix = 1 if cumulativesky is True: # cumulativesky workflow print('\nMaking .rad files for cumulativesky 1-axis workflow') for theta in trackerdict: scene = SceneObj(module) if trackerdict[theta]['surf_azm'] >= 180: trackerdict[theta]['surf_azm'] = trackerdict[theta]['surf_azm']-180 trackerdict[theta]['surf_tilt'] = trackerdict[theta]['surf_tilt']*-1 radname = '1axis%s_'%(theta,) # Calculating clearance height for this theta. height = hubheight - simplefix*0.5* math.sin(abs(theta) * math.pi / 180) \ * scene.module.sceney + scene.module.offsetfromaxis \ * math.sin(abs(theta)*math.pi/180) # Calculate the ground clearance height based on the hub height. Add abs(theta) to avoid negative tilt angle errors #trackerdict[theta]['clearance_height'] = height try: sceneDict2 = {'tilt':trackerdict[theta]['surf_tilt'], 'pitch':sceneDict['pitch'], 'clearance_height':height, 'azimuth':trackerdict[theta]['surf_azm'], 'nMods': sceneDict['nMods'], 'nRows': sceneDict['nRows'], 'modulez': scene.module.z} except KeyError: #maybe gcr is passed, not pitch sceneDict2 = {'tilt':trackerdict[theta]['surf_tilt'], 'gcr':sceneDict['gcr'], 'clearance_height':height, 'azimuth':trackerdict[theta]['surf_azm'], 'nMods': sceneDict['nMods'], 'nRows': sceneDict['nRows'], 'modulez': scene.module.z} radfile = scene._makeSceneNxR(sceneDict=sceneDict2, radname=radname) trackerdict[theta]['radfile'] = radfile trackerdict[theta]['scene'] = scene print('{} Radfiles created in /objects/'.format(trackerdict.__len__())) else: #gendaylit workflow print('\nMaking ~%s .rad files for gendaylit 1-axis workflow (this takes a minute..)' % (len(trackerdict))) count = 0 for time in trackerdict: scene = SceneObj(module) if trackerdict[time]['surf_azm'] >= 180: trackerdict[time]['surf_azm'] = trackerdict[time]['surf_azm']-180 trackerdict[time]['surf_tilt'] = trackerdict[time]['surf_tilt']*-1 theta = trackerdict[time]['theta'] radname = '1axis%s_'%(time,) # Calculating clearance height for this time. height = hubheight - simplefix*0.5* math.sin(abs(theta) * math.pi / 180) \ * scene.module.sceney + scene.module.offsetfromaxis \ * math.sin(abs(theta)*math.pi/180) if trackerdict[time]['ghi'] > 0: #trackerdict[time]['clearance_height'] = height try: sceneDict2 = {'tilt':trackerdict[time]['surf_tilt'], 'pitch':sceneDict['pitch'], 'clearance_height': height, 'azimuth':trackerdict[time]['surf_azm'], 'nMods': sceneDict['nMods'], 'nRows': sceneDict['nRows'], 'modulez': scene.module.z} except KeyError: #maybe gcr is passed instead of pitch sceneDict2 = {'tilt':trackerdict[time]['surf_tilt'], 'gcr':sceneDict['gcr'], 'clearance_height': height, 'azimuth':trackerdict[time]['surf_azm'], 'nMods': sceneDict['nMods'], 'nRows': sceneDict['nRows'], 'modulez': scene.module.z} radfile = scene._makeSceneNxR(sceneDict=sceneDict2, radname=radname) trackerdict[time]['radfile'] = radfile trackerdict[time]['scene'] = scene count+=1 print('{} Radfiles created in /objects/'.format(count)) self.trackerdict = trackerdict #self.nMods = sceneDict['nMods'] #assign nMods and nRows to RadianceObj #self.nRows = sceneDict['nRows'] self.hub_height = hubheight return trackerdict
[docs] def analysis1axis(self, trackerdict=None, singleindex=None, accuracy='low', customname=None, modWanted=None, rowWanted=None, sensorsy=9, sensorsx=1, modscanfront = None, modscanback = None, relative=False, debug=False ): """ Loop through trackerdict and runs linescans for each scene and scan in there. Parameters ---------------- trackerdict singleindex : str For single-index mode, just the one index we want to run (new in 0.2.3). Example format '21_06_14_12_30' for 2021 June 14th 12:30 pm accuracy : str 'low' or 'high', resolution option used during _irrPlot and rtrace customname : str Custom text string to be added to the file name for the results .CSV files modWanted : int Module to be sampled. Index starts at 1. rowWanted : int Row to be sampled. Index starts at 1. (row 1) sensorsy : int or list Number of 'sensors' or scanning points along the collector width (CW) of the module(s). If multiple values are passed, first value represents number of front sensors, second value is number of back sensors sensorsx : int or list Number of 'sensors' or scanning points along the length, the side perpendicular to the collector width (CW) of the module(s) for the back side of the module. If multiple values are passed, first value represents number of front sensors, second value is number of back sensors. modscanfront : dict dictionary with one or more of the following key: xstart, ystart, zstart, xinc, yinc, zinc, Nx, Ny, Nz, orient. All of these keys are ints or floats except for 'orient' which takes x y z values as string 'x y z' for example '0 0 -1'. These values will overwrite the internally calculated frontscan dictionary for the module & row selected. If modifying Nx, Ny or Nz, make sure to modify on modscanback to avoid issues on results writing stage. modscanback : dict dictionary with one or more of the following key: xstart, ystart, zstart, xinc, yinc, zinc, Nx, Ny, Nz, orient. All of these keys are ints or floats except for 'orient' which takes x y z values as string 'x y z' for example '0 0 -1'. These values will overwrite the internally calculated frontscan dictionary for the module & row selected. If modifying Nx, Ny or Nz, make sure to modify on modscanback to avoid issues on results writing stage. relative : Bool if passing modscanfront and modscanback to modify dictionarie of positions, this sets if the values passed to be updated are relative or absolute. Default is absolute value (relative=False) debug : Bool Activates internal printing of the function to help debugging. Returns ------- trackerdict with new keys: 'AnalysisObj' : analysis object for this tracker theta 'Wm2Front' : list of front Wm-2 irradiances, len=sensorsy_back 'Wm2Back' : list of rear Wm-2 irradiances, len=sensorsy_back 'backRatio' : list of rear irradiance ratios, len=sensorsy_back RadianceObj with new appended values: 'Wm2Front' : np Array with front irradiance cumulative 'Wm2Back' : np Array with rear irradiance cumulative 'backRatio' : np Array with rear irradiance ratios """ import warnings if customname is None: customname = '' if trackerdict == None: try: trackerdict = self.trackerdict except AttributeError: print('No trackerdict value passed or available in self') if singleindex is None: # run over all values in trackerdict trackerkeys = sorted(trackerdict.keys()) else: # run in single index mode. trackerkeys = [singleindex] if modWanted == None: modWanted = round(trackerdict[trackerkeys[0]]['scene'].sceneDict['nMods'] / 1.99) if rowWanted == None: rowWanted = round(trackerdict[trackerkeys[0]]['scene'].sceneDict['nMods'] / 1.99) frontWm2 = 0 # container for tracking front irradiance across module chord. Dynamically size based on first analysis run backWm2 = 0 # container for tracking rear irradiance across module chord. for index in trackerkeys: # either full list of trackerdict keys, or single index name = '1axis_%s%s'%(index,customname) octfile = trackerdict[index]['octfile'] scene = trackerdict[index]['scene'] if octfile is None: continue # don't run analysis if the octfile is none try: # look for missing data analysis = AnalysisObj(octfile,name) name = '1axis_%s%s'%(index,customname,) frontscanind, backscanind = analysis.moduleAnalysis(scene=scene, modWanted=modWanted, rowWanted=rowWanted, sensorsy=sensorsy, sensorsx=sensorsx, modscanfront=modscanfront, modscanback=modscanback, relative=relative, debug=debug) analysis.analysis(octfile=octfile,name=name,frontscan=frontscanind,backscan=backscanind,accuracy=accuracy) trackerdict[index]['AnalysisObj'] = analysis except Exception as e: # problem with file. TODO: only catch specific error types here. warnings.warn('Index: {}. Problem with file. Error: {}. Skipping'.format(index,e), Warning) return #combine cumulative front and back irradiance for each tracker angle try: #on error, trackerdict[index] is returned empty trackerdict[index]['Wm2Front'] = analysis.Wm2Front trackerdict[index]['Wm2Back'] = analysis.Wm2Back trackerdict[index]['backRatio'] = analysis.backRatio except AttributeError as e: # no key Wm2Front. warnings.warn('Index: {}. Trackerdict key not found: {}. Skipping'.format(index,e), Warning) return if np.sum(frontWm2) == 0: # define frontWm2 the first time through frontWm2 = np.array(analysis.Wm2Front) backWm2 = np.array(analysis.Wm2Back) else: frontWm2 += np.array(analysis.Wm2Front) backWm2 += np.array(analysis.Wm2Back) print('Index: {}. Wm2Front: {}. Wm2Back: {}'.format(index, np.mean(analysis.Wm2Front), np.mean(analysis.Wm2Back))) if np.sum(self.Wm2Front) == 0: self.Wm2Front = frontWm2 # these are accumulated over all indices passed in. self.Wm2Back = backWm2 else: self.Wm2Front += frontWm2 # these are accumulated over all indices passed in. self.Wm2Back += backWm2 self.backRatio = np.mean(backWm2)/np.mean(frontWm2+.001) # Save compiled results using _saveresults if singleindex is None: print ("Saving a cumulative-results file in the main simulation folder." + "This adds up by sensor location the irradiance over all hours " + "or configurations considered." + "\nWarning: This file saving routine does not clean results, so "+ "if your setup has ygaps, or 2+modules or torque tubes, doing "+ "a deeper cleaning and working with the individual results "+ "files in the results folder is highly suggested.") cumfilename = 'cumulative_results_%s.csv'%(customname) if self.cumulativesky is True: frontcum = pd.DataFrame() rearcum = pd.DataFrame() temptrackerdict = trackerdict[list(trackerdict)[0]]['AnalysisObj'] #temptrackerdict = trackerdict[0.0]['AnalysisObj'] frontcum ['x'] = temptrackerdict.x frontcum ['y'] = temptrackerdict.y frontcum ['z'] = temptrackerdict.z frontcum ['mattype'] = temptrackerdict.mattype frontcum ['Wm2'] = self.Wm2Front rearcum ['x'] = temptrackerdict.x rearcum ['y'] = temptrackerdict.x rearcum ['z'] = temptrackerdict.rearZ rearcum ['mattype'] = temptrackerdict.rearMat rearcum ['Wm2'] = self.Wm2Back cumanalysisobj = AnalysisObj() print ("\nSaving Cumulative results" ) cumanalysisobj._saveResultsCumulative(frontcum, rearcum, savefile=cumfilename) else: # trackerkeys are day/hour/min, and there's no easy way to find a # tilt of 0, so making a fake linepoint object for tilt 0 # and then saving. try: cumscene = trackerdict[trackerkeys[0]]['scene'] cumscene.sceneDict['tilt']=0 cumscene.sceneDict['clearance_height'] = self.hub_height cumanalysisobj = AnalysisObj() frontscancum, backscancum = cumanalysisobj.moduleAnalysis(scene=cumscene, modWanted=modWanted, rowWanted=rowWanted, sensorsy=sensorsy, sensorsx=sensorsx, modscanfront=modscanfront, modscanback=modscanback, relative=relative, debug=debug) x,y,z = cumanalysisobj._linePtsArray(frontscancum) x,y,rearz = cumanalysisobj._linePtsArray(backscancum) frontcum = pd.DataFrame() rearcum = pd.DataFrame() frontcum ['x'] = x frontcum ['y'] = y frontcum ['z'] = z frontcum ['mattype'] = trackerdict[trackerkeys[0]]['AnalysisObj'].mattype frontcum ['Wm2'] = self.Wm2Front rearcum ['x'] = x rearcum ['y'] = y rearcum ['z'] = rearz rearcum ['mattype'] = trackerdict[trackerkeys[0]]['AnalysisObj'].rearMat rearcum ['Wm2'] = self.Wm2Back print ("\nSaving Cumulative results" ) cumanalysisobj._saveResultsCumulative(frontcum, rearcum, savefile=cumfilename) except: print("Not able to save a cumulative result for this simulation.") return trackerdict
# End RadianceObj definition
[docs]class GroundObj: """ Class to set and return details for the ground surface materials and reflectance. If 1 albedo value is passed, it is used as default. If 3 albedo values are passed, they are assigned to each of the three wavelength placeholders (RGB), If material type is known, it is used to get reflectance info. if material type isn't known, material_info.list is returned Parameters ------------ materialOrAlbedo : numeric or str If number between 0 and 1 is passed, albedo input is assumed and assigned. If string is passed with the name of the material desired. e.g. 'litesoil', properties are searched in `material_file`. Default Material names to choose from: litesoil, concrete, white_EPDM, beigeroof, beigeroof_lite, beigeroof_heavy, black, asphalt material_file : str Filename of the material information. Default `ground.rad` silent : bool suppress print statements. Default False Returns ------- """
[docs] def __init__(self, materialOrAlbedo=None, material_file=None, silent=False): import warnings from numbers import Number self.normval = None self.ReflAvg = None self.Rrefl = None self.Grefl = None self.Brefl = None self.ground_type = 'custom' if material_file is None: material_file = 'ground.rad' self.material_file = material_file if materialOrAlbedo is None: # Case where it's none. print('\nInput albedo 0-1, or string from ground.printGroundMaterials().' '\nAlternatively, run setGround after readWeatherData()' 'and setGround will read metdata.albedo if available') return if isinstance(materialOrAlbedo, str) : self.ground_type = materialOrAlbedo # Return the RGB albedo for material ground_type materialOrAlbedo = self.printGroundMaterials(self.ground_type) # Check for double and int. if isinstance(materialOrAlbedo, Number): materialOrAlbedo = np.array([[materialOrAlbedo, materialOrAlbedo, materialOrAlbedo]]) if isinstance(materialOrAlbedo, list): materialOrAlbedo = np.asarray(materialOrAlbedo) # By this point, materialOrAlbedo should be a np.ndarray: if isinstance(materialOrAlbedo, np.ndarray): if materialOrAlbedo.ndim == 0: # numpy array of one single value, i.e. np.array(0.62) # after this if, np.array([0.62]) materialOrAlbedo = materialOrAlbedo.reshape([1]) if materialOrAlbedo.ndim == 1: # If np.array is ([0.62]), this repeats it so at the end it's # np.array ([0.62, 0.62, 0.62]) materialOrAlbedo = np.repeat(np.array([materialOrAlbedo]), 3, axis=1).reshape( len(materialOrAlbedo),3) if (materialOrAlbedo.ndim == 2) & (materialOrAlbedo.shape[1] > 3): warnings.warn("Radiance only raytraces 3 wavelengths at " "a time. Trimming albedo np.array input to " "3 wavelengths.") materialOrAlbedo = materialOrAlbedo[:,0:3] # By this point we should have np.array of dim=2 and shape[1] = 3. # Check for invalid values if (materialOrAlbedo > 1).any() or (materialOrAlbedo < 0).any(): if not silent: print('Warning: albedo values greater than 1 or less than 0. ' 'Constraining to [0..1]') materialOrAlbedo = materialOrAlbedo.clip(min=0, max=1) try: self.Rrefl = materialOrAlbedo[:,0] self.Grefl = materialOrAlbedo[:,1] self.Brefl = materialOrAlbedo[:,2] self.normval = _normRGB(materialOrAlbedo[:,0],materialOrAlbedo[:,1], materialOrAlbedo[:,2]) self.ReflAvg = np.round(np.mean(materialOrAlbedo, axis=1),4) if not silent: print(f'Loading albedo, {self.ReflAvg.__len__()} value(s), ' f'{self._nonzeromean(self.ReflAvg):0.3f} avg\n' f'{self.ReflAvg[self.ReflAvg != 0].__len__()} nonzero albedo values.') except IndexError as e: print('albedo.shape should be 3 column (N x 3)') raise e
def printGroundMaterials(self, materialString=None): """ printGroundMaterials(materialString=None) input: None or materialString. If None, return list of acceptable material types from ground.rad. If valid string, return RGB albedo of the material type selected. """ import warnings material_path = 'materials' f = open(os.path.join(material_path, self.material_file)) keys = [] #list of material key names Rreflall = []; Greflall=[]; Breflall=[] #RGB material reflectance temp = f.read().split() f.close() #return indices for 'plastic' definition index = _findme(temp,'plastic') for i in index: keys.append(temp[i+1])# after plastic comes the material name Rreflall.append(float(temp[i+5]))#RGB reflectance comes a few more down the list Greflall.append(float(temp[i+6])) Breflall.append(float(temp[i+7])) if materialString is not None: try: index = _findme(keys,materialString)[0] except IndexError: warnings.warn('Error - materialString not in ' f'{self.material_file}: {materialString}') return(np.array([[Rreflall[index], Greflall[index], Breflall[index]]])) else: return(keys) def _nonzeromean(self, val): ''' array mean excluding zero. return zero if everything's zero''' tempmean = np.nanmean(val) if tempmean > 0: tempmean = np.nanmean(val[val !=0]) return tempmean def _makeGroundString(self, index=0, cumulativesky=False): ''' create string with ground reflectance parameters for use in gendaylit and gencumsky. Parameters ----------- index : integer Index of time for time-series albedo. Default 0 cumulativesky: Boolean If true, set albedo to average of time series values. Returns ------- groundstring: text with albedo details to append to sky.rad in gendaylit ''' try: if cumulativesky is True: Rrefl = self._nonzeromean(self.Rrefl) Grefl = self._nonzeromean(self.Grefl) Brefl = self._nonzeromean(self.Brefl) normval = _normRGB(Rrefl, Grefl, Brefl) else: Rrefl = self.Rrefl[index] Grefl = self.Grefl[index] Brefl = self.Brefl[index] normval = _normRGB(Rrefl, Grefl, Brefl) # Check for all zero albedo case if normval == 0: normval = 1 groundstring = ( f'\nskyfunc glow ground_glow\n0\n0\n4 ' f'{Rrefl/normval} {Grefl/normval} {Brefl/normval} 0\n' '\nground_glow source ground\n0\n0\n4 0 0 -1 180\n' f'\nvoid plastic {self.ground_type}\n0\n0\n5 ' f'{Rrefl:0.3f} {Grefl:0.3f} {Brefl:0.3f} 0 0\n' f"\n{self.ground_type} ring groundplane\n" '0\n0\n8\n0 0 -.01\n0 0 1\n0 100' ) except IndexError as err: print(f'Index {index} passed to albedo with only ' f'{self.Rrefl.__len__()} values.' ) raise err return groundstring
[docs]class SceneObj: ''' Scene information including PV module type, bifaciality, array info pv module orientation defaults: Azimuth = 180 (south) pv module origin: z = 0 bottom of frame. y = 0 lower edge of frame. x = 0 vertical centerline of module scene includes module details (x,y,bifi, sceney (collector_width), scenex) Parameters ------------ module : str or ModuleObj String name of module created with makeModule() name : str Identifier of scene in case of multiple scenes. Default `Scene0'. Automatically increments if makeScene is run multiple times. Returns ------- ''' def __repr__(self): return str(self.__dict__)
[docs] def __init__(self, module=None, name=None): ''' initialize SceneObj ''' from bifacial_radiance import ModuleObj # should sceneDict be initialized here? This is set in _makeSceneNxR if module is None: return elif type(module) == str: self.module = ModuleObj(name=module) elif type(module) == ModuleObj: # try moduleObj self.module = module #self.moduleDict = self.module.getDataDict() #self.scenex = self.module.scenex #self.sceney = self.module.sceney #self.offsetfromaxis = self.moduleDict['offsetfromaxis'] #TODO: get rid of these 4 values self.modulefile = self.module.modulefile self.hpc = False #default False. Set True by makeScene after sceneobj created. if name is None: self.name = 'Scene0' else: self.name = name
def _makeSceneNxR(self, modulename=None, sceneDict=None, radname=None): """ Arrange module defined in :py:class:`bifacial_radiance.SceneObj` into a N x R array. Returns a :py:class:`bifacial_radiance.SceneObj` which contains details of the PV system configuration including `tilt`, `row pitch`, `hub_height` or `clearance_height`, `nMod`s per row, `nRows` in the system. The returned scene has (0,0) coordinates centered at the module at the center of the array. For 5 rows, that is row 3, for 4 rows, that is row 2 also (rounds down). For 5 modules in the row, that is module 3, for 4 modules in the row, that is module 2 also (rounds down) Parameters ------------ modulename: str Name of module created with :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.RadianceObj.makeModule`. sceneDict : dictionary Dictionary of scene parameters. clearance_height : numeric (meters). pitch : numeric Separation between rows tilt : numeric Valid input ranges -90 to 90 degrees azimuth : numeric A value denoting the compass direction along which the axis of rotation lies. Measured in decimal degrees East of North. [0 to 180) possible. nMods : int Number of modules per row (default = 20) nRows : int Number of rows in system (default = 7) radname : str String for name for radfile. Returns ------- radfile : str Filename of .RAD scene in /objects/ scene : :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.SceneObj ` Returns a `SceneObject` 'scene' with configuration details """ if modulename is None: modulename = self.module.name if sceneDict is None: print('makeScene(modulename, sceneDict, nMods, nRows). sceneDict' ' inputs: .tilt .azimuth .nMods .nRows' ' AND .tilt or .gcr ; AND .hub_height or .clearance_height') if 'orientation' in sceneDict: raise Exception('\n\n ERROR: Orientation format has been ' 'deprecated since version 0.2.4. If you want to flip your ' 'modules, on makeModule switch the x and y values.\n\n') if 'azimuth' not in sceneDict: sceneDict['azimuth'] = 180 if 'axis_tilt' not in sceneDict: sceneDict['axis_tilt'] = 0 if 'originx' not in sceneDict: sceneDict['originx'] = 0 if 'originy' not in sceneDict: sceneDict['originy'] = 0 if radname is None: radname = str(self.module.name).strip().replace(' ', '_') # loading variables tilt = sceneDict['tilt'] azimuth = sceneDict['azimuth'] nMods = sceneDict['nMods'] nRows = sceneDict['nRows'] axis_tilt = sceneDict['axis_tilt'] originx = sceneDict ['originx'] originy = sceneDict['originy'] # hub_height, clearance_height and height logic. # this routine uses hub_height to move the panels up so it's important # to have a value for that, either obtianing from clearance_height # (if coming from makeScene) or from hub_height itself. # it is assumed that if no clearance_height or hub_height is passed, # hub_height = height. sceneDict, use_clearanceheight = _heightCasesSwitcher(sceneDict, preferred='hub_height', nonpreferred='clearance_height') if use_clearanceheight : hubheight = sceneDict['clearance_height'] + 0.5* np.sin(abs(tilt) * np.pi / 180) \ * self.module.sceney - self.module.offsetfromaxis*np.sin(abs(tilt)*np.pi/180) title_clearance_height = sceneDict['clearance_height'] else: hubheight = sceneDict['hub_height'] # this calculates clearance_height, used for the title title_clearance_height = sceneDict['hub_height'] - 0.5* np.sin(abs(tilt) * np.pi / 180) \ * self.module.sceney + self.module.offsetfromaxis*np.sin(abs(tilt)*np.pi/180) try: if sceneDict['pitch'] >0: pitch = sceneDict['pitch'] else: raise Exception('default to gcr') except: if 'gcr' in sceneDict: pitch = np.round(self.module.sceney/sceneDict['gcr'],3) else: raise Exception('No valid `pitch` or `gcr` in sceneDict') ''' INITIALIZE VARIABLES ''' text = '!xform ' text += '-rx %s -t %s %s %s ' %(tilt, 0, 0, hubheight) # create nMods-element array along x, nRows along y. 1cm module gap. text += '-a %s -t %s 0 0 -a %s -t 0 %s 0 ' %(nMods, self.module.scenex, nRows, pitch) # azimuth rotation of the entire shebang. Select the row to scan here based on y-translation. # Modifying so center row is centered in the array. (i.e. 3 rows, row 2. 4 rows, row 2 too) # Since the array is already centered on row 1, module 1, we need to increment by Nrows/2-1 and Nmods/2-1 text += (f'-i 1 -t {-self.module.scenex*(round(nMods/1.999)*1.0-1)} ' f'{-pitch*(round(nRows / 1.999)*1.0-1)} 0 -rz {180-azimuth} ' f'-t {originx} {originy} 0 ' ) #axis tilt only working for N-S trackers if axis_tilt != 0 and azimuth == 90: print("Axis_Tilt is still under development. The scene will be " "created with the proper axis tilt, and the tracking angle" "will consider the axis_tilt, but the sensors for the " "analysis might not fall in the correct surfaces unless you" " manually position them for this version. Sorry! :D ") text += (f'-rx {axis_tilt} -t 0 0 %s ' %( self.module.scenex*(round(nMods/1.99)*1.0-1)*np.sin( axis_tilt * np.pi/180) ) ) filename = (f'{radname}_C_{title_clearance_height:0.5f}_rtr_{pitch:0.5f}_tilt_{tilt:0.5f}_' f'{nMods}modsx{nRows}rows_origin{originx},{originy}.rad' ) if self.hpc: text += f'"{os.path.join(os.getcwd(), self.modulefile)}"' radfile = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'objects', filename) else: text += os.path.join(self.modulefile) radfile = os.path.join('objects',filename ) # py2 and 3 compatible: binary write, encode text first with open(radfile, 'wb') as f: f.write(text.encode('ascii')) self.gcr = self.module.sceney / pitch self.text = text self.radfiles = radfile self.sceneDict = sceneDict # self.hub_height = hubheight return radfile
[docs] def showScene(self): """ Method to call objview on the scene included in self """ cmd = 'objview %s %s' % (os.path.join('materials', 'ground.rad'), self.radfiles) print('Rendering scene. This may take a moment...') _,err = _popen(cmd,None) if err is not None: print('Error: {}'.format(err)) print('possible solution: install radwinexe binary package from ' 'http://www.jaloxa.eu/resources/radiance/radwinexe.shtml' ' into your RADIANCE binaries path') return
[docs] def saveImage(self, filename=None, view=None): """ Save an image of the scene to /images/. A default ground (concrete material) and sun (due East or West azimuth and 65 elevation) are created. Parameters: filename : string, optional. name for image file, defaults to scene name view : string, optional. name for view file in /views. default to 'side.vp' Input of 'XYZ' into view will do a zoomed out view of the whole scene """ import tempfile temp_dir = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() pid = os.getpid() if filename is None: filename = f'{self.name}' if view is None: view = 'side.vp' # fake lighting temporary .radfile. Use 65 elevation and +/- 90 azimuth # use a concrete ground surface if (self.sceneDict['azimuth'] > 100 and self.sceneDict['tilt'] >= 0) or \ (self.sceneDict['azimuth'] <= 100 and self.sceneDict['tilt'] < 0): sunaz = 90 else: sunaz = -90 ground = GroundObj('concrete', silent=True) ltfile = os.path.join(temp_dir.name, f'lt{pid}.rad') with open(ltfile, 'w') as f: f.write("!gensky -ang %s %s +s\n" %(65, sunaz) + \ "skyfunc glow sky_mat\n0\n0\n4 1 1 1 0\n" + \ "\nsky_mat source sky\n0\n0\n4 0 0 1 180\n" + \ ground._makeGroundString() ) # make .rif and run RAD riffile = os.path.join(temp_dir.name, f'ov{pid}.rif') with open(riffile, 'w') as f: f.write("scene= materials/ground.rad " +\ f"{self.radfiles} {ltfile}\n".replace("\\",'/') +\ f"EXPOSURE= .5\nUP= Z\nview= {view.replace('.vp','')} -vf views/{view}\n" +\ f"oconv= -f\nPICT= images/{filename}") _,err = _popen(["rad",'-s',riffile], None) if err: print(err) else: print(f"Scene image saved: images/{filename}_{view.replace('.vp','')}.hdr") temp_dir.cleanup()
# end of SceneObj
[docs]class MetObj: """ Meteorological data from EPW file. Initialize the MetObj from tmy data already read in. Parameters ----------- tmydata : DataFrame TMY3 output from :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.RadianceObj.readTMY` or from :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.RadianceObj.readEPW`. metadata : Dictionary Metadata output from output from :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.RadianceObj.readTMY`` or from :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.RadianceObj.readEPW`. label : str label : str 'left', 'right', or 'center'. For data that is averaged, defines if the timestamp refers to the left edge, the right edge, or the center of the averaging interval, for purposes of calculating sunposition. For example, TMY3 data is right-labeled, so 11 AM data represents data from 10 to 11, and sun position should be calculated at 10:30 AM. Currently SAM and PVSyst use left-labeled interval data and NSRDB uses centered. """
[docs] def __init__(self, tmydata, metadata, label = 'right'): import pytz import pvlib #import numpy as np #First prune all GHI = 0 timepoints. New as of 0.4.0 # TODO: is this a good idea? This changes default behavior... tmydata = tmydata[tmydata.GHI > 0] # location data. so far needed: # latitude, longitude, elevation, timezone, city self.latitude = metadata['latitude']; lat=self.latitude self.longitude = metadata['longitude']; lon=self.longitude self.elevation = metadata['altitude']; elev=self.elevation self.timezone = metadata['TZ'] try: self.city = metadata['Name'] # readepw version except KeyError: self.city = metadata['city'] # pvlib version #self.location.state_province_region = metadata['State'] # unecessary self.datetime = tmydata.index.tolist() # this is tz-aware. self.ghi = np.array(tmydata.GHI) self.dhi = np.array(tmydata.DHI) self.dni = np.array(tmydata.DNI) try: self.albedo = np.array(tmydata.Alb) except AttributeError: # no TMY albedo data self.albedo = None # Try and retrieve dewpoint and pressure try: self.dewpoint = np.array(tmydata['temp_dew']) except KeyError: self.dewpoint = None try: self.pressure = np.array(tmydata['atmospheric_pressure']) except KeyError: self.pressure = None try: self.temp_air = np.array(tmydata['temp_air']) except KeyError: self.temp_air = None if self.temp_air is None: try: self.temp_air = np.array(tmydata['DryBulb']) except KeyError: self.temp_air = None try: self.wind_speed = np.array(tmydata['wind_speed']) except KeyError: self.wind_speed = None if self.wind_speed is None: try: self.wind_speed = np.array(tmydata['Wspd']) except KeyError: self.wind_speed = None # Try and retrieve TrackerAngle try: self.meastracker_angle = np.array(tmydata['Tracker Angle (degrees)']) except KeyError: self.meastracker_angle= None #v0.2.5: initialize MetObj with solpos, sunrise/set and corrected time datetimetz = pd.DatetimeIndex(self.datetime) try: # make sure the data is tz-localized. datetimetz = datetimetz.tz_localize(pytz.FixedOffset(self.timezone*60))# use pytz.FixedOffset (in minutes) except TypeError: # data is tz-localized already. Just put it in local time. datetimetz = datetimetz.tz_convert(pytz.FixedOffset(self.timezone*60)) #check for data interval. default 1h. try: interval = datetimetz[1]-datetimetz[0] except IndexError: interval = pd.Timedelta('1h') # ISSUE: if 1 datapoint is passed, are we sure it's hourly data? print ("WARNING: TMY interval was unable to be defined, so setting it to 1h.") # TODO: Refactor this into a subfunction. first calculate minutedelta # based on label and interval (-30, 0, +30, +7.5 etc) then correct all. if label.lower() == 'center': print("Calculating Sun position for center labeled data, at exact timestamp in input Weather File") sunup= pvlib.irradiance.solarposition.sun_rise_set_transit_spa(datetimetz, lat, lon) #new for pvlib >= 0.6.1 sunup['corrected_timestamp'] = datetimetz else: if interval== pd.Timedelta('1h'): if label.lower() == 'right': print("Calculating Sun position for Metdata that is right-labeled ", "with a delta of -30 mins. i.e. 12 is 11:30 sunpos") sunup= pvlib.irradiance.solarposition.sun_rise_set_transit_spa(datetimetz, lat, lon) #new for pvlib >= 0.6.1 sunup['minutedelta']= int(interval.seconds/2/60) # default sun angle 30 minutes before timestamp # vector update of minutedelta at sunrise sunrisemask = sunup.index.hour-1==sunup['sunrise'].dt.hour sunup['minutedelta'].mask(sunrisemask,np.floor((60-(sunup['sunrise'].dt.minute))/2),inplace=True) # vector update of minutedelta at sunset sunsetmask = sunup.index.hour-1==sunup['sunset'].dt.hour sunup['minutedelta'].mask(sunsetmask,np.floor((60-(sunup['sunset'].dt.minute))/2),inplace=True) # save corrected timestamp sunup['corrected_timestamp'] = sunup.index-pd.to_timedelta(sunup['minutedelta'], unit='m') elif label.lower() == 'left': print("Calculating Sun position for Metdata that is left-labeled ", "with a delta of +30 mins. i.e. 12 is 12:30 sunpos.") sunup= pvlib.irradiance.solarposition.sun_rise_set_transit_spa(datetimetz, lat, lon) sunup['minutedelta']= int(interval.seconds/2/60) # default sun angle 30 minutes after timestamp # vector update of minutedelta at sunrise sunrisemask = sunup.index.hour==sunup['sunrise'].dt.hour sunup['minutedelta'].mask(sunrisemask,np.ceil((60+sunup['sunrise'].dt.minute)/2),inplace=True) # vector update of minutedelta at sunset sunsetmask = sunup.index.hour==sunup['sunset'].dt.hour sunup['minutedelta'].mask(sunsetmask,np.ceil((60+sunup['sunset'].dt.minute)/2),inplace=True) # save corrected timestamp sunup['corrected_timestamp'] = sunup.index+pd.to_timedelta(sunup['minutedelta'], unit='m') else: raise ValueError('Error: invalid weather label passed. Valid inputs: right, left or center') else: minutedelta = int(interval.seconds/2/60) print("Interval in weather data is less than 1 hr, calculating" f" Sun position with a delta of -{minutedelta} minutes.") print("If you want no delta for sunposition, use " "readWeatherFile( label='center').") #datetimetz=datetimetz-pd.Timedelta(minutes = minutedelta) # This doesn't check for Sunrise or Sunset #sunup= pvlib.irradiance.solarposition.get_sun_rise_set_transit(datetimetz, lat, lon) # deprecated in pvlib 0.6.1 sunup= pvlib.irradiance.solarposition.sun_rise_set_transit_spa(datetimetz, lat, lon) #new for pvlib >= 0.6.1 sunup['corrected_timestamp'] = sunup.index-pd.Timedelta(minutes = minutedelta) self.solpos = pvlib.irradiance.solarposition.get_solarposition(sunup['corrected_timestamp'],lat,lon,elev) self.sunrisesetdata=sunup self.label = label
def _set1axis(self, azimuth=180, limit_angle=45, angledelta=None, backtrack=True, gcr=1.0/3.0, cumulativesky=True, fixed_tilt_angle=None, axis_tilt=0, useMeasuredTrackerAngle=False): """ Set up geometry for 1-axis tracking cumulativesky. Solpos data already stored in `metdata.solpos`. Pull in tracking angle details from pvlib, create multiple 8760 metdata sub-files where datetime of met data matches the tracking angle. Parameters ------------ cumulativesky : bool Whether individual csv files are created with constant tilt angle for the cumulativesky approach. if false, the gendaylit tracking approach must be used. azimuth : numerical orientation axis of tracker torque tube. Default North-South (180 deg) For fixed tilt simulations this is the orientation azimuth limit_angle : numerical +/- limit angle of the 1-axis tracker in degrees. Default 45 angledelta : numerical Degree of rotation increment to parse irradiance bins. Default 5 degrees (0.4 % error for DNI). Other options: 4 (.25%), 2.5 (0.1%). (the smaller the angledelta, the more simulations) backtrack : bool Whether backtracking is enabled (default = True) gcr : float Ground coverage ratio for calculation backtracking. Defualt [1.0/3.0] axis_tilt : float Tilt of the axis. While it can be considered for the tracking calculation, the scene geometry creation of the trackers does not support tilte axis_trackers yet (but can be done manuallyish. See Tutorials) fixed_tilt_angle : numeric If passed, this changes to a fixed tilt simulation where each hour uses fixed_tilt_angle and azimuth as the tilt and azimuth Returns ------- trackerdict : dictionary Keys for tracker tilt angles and list of csv metfile, and datetimes at that angle trackerdict[angle]['csvfile';'surf_azm';'surf_tilt';'UTCtime'] metdata.solpos : dataframe Dataframe with output from pvlib solar position for each timestep metdata.sunrisesetdata : Pandas dataframe with sunrise, sunset and adjusted time data. metdata.tracker_theta : list Tracker tilt angle from pvlib for each timestep metdata.surface_tilt : list Tracker surface tilt angle from pvlib for each timestep metdata.surface_azimuth : list Tracker surface azimuth angle from pvlib for each timestep """ #axis_tilt = 0 # only support 0 tilt trackers for now self.cumulativesky = cumulativesky # track whether we're using cumulativesky or gendaylit if (cumulativesky is True) & (angledelta is None): angledelta = 5 # round angle to 5 degrees for cumulativesky # get 1-axis tracker angles for this location, # round to nearest 'angledelta' if self.meastracker_angle is not None and useMeasuredTrackerAngle is True: print("Tracking Data: Reading from provided Tracker Angles") elif self.meastracker_angle is None and useMeasuredTrackerAngle is True: useMeasuredTrackerAngle = False print("Warning: Using Measured Tracker Angles was specified but DATA"+ " for trackers has not yet been assigned. "+ " Assign it by making it a column on your Weatherdata File "+ "named 'Tracker Angle (degrees)' and run ReadWeatherFile again") trackingdata = self._getTrackingAngles(azimuth, limit_angle, angledelta, axis_tilt = axis_tilt, backtrack = backtrack, gcr = gcr, fixed_tilt_angle=fixed_tilt_angle, useMeasuredTrackerAngle=useMeasuredTrackerAngle) # get list of unique rounded tracker angles theta_list = trackingdata.dropna()['theta_round'].unique() if cumulativesky is True: # create a separate metfile for each unique tracker theta angle. # return dict of filenames and details trackerdict = self._makeTrackerCSV(theta_list,trackingdata) else: # trackerdict uses timestamp as keys. return azimuth # and tilt for each timestamp #times = [str(i)[5:-12].replace('-','_').replace(' ','_') for i in self.datetime] times = [i.strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H%M') for i in self.datetime] #trackerdict = dict.fromkeys(times) trackerdict = {} for i,time in enumerate(times) : # remove NaN tracker theta from trackerdict if (self.ghi[i] > 0) & (~np.isnan(self.tracker_theta[i])): trackerdict[time] = { 'surf_azm':self.surface_azimuth[i], 'surf_tilt':self.surface_tilt[i], 'theta':self.tracker_theta[i], 'ghi':self.ghi[i], 'dhi':self.dhi[i], 'temp_air':self.temp_air[i], 'wind_speed':self.wind_speed[i] } return trackerdict def _getTrackingAngles(self, azimuth=180, limit_angle=45, angledelta=None, axis_tilt=0, backtrack=True, gcr = 1.0/3.0, fixed_tilt_angle=None, useMeasuredTrackerAngle=False): ''' Helper subroutine to return 1-axis tracker tilt and azimuth data. Parameters ---------- same as pvlib.tracking.singleaxis, plus: angledelta : degrees Angle to round tracker_theta to. This is for cumulativesky simulations. Other input options: None (no rounding of tracker angle) fixed_tilt_angle : (Optional) degrees This changes to a fixed tilt simulation where each hour uses fixed_tilt_angle and azimuth as the tilt and azimuth Returns ------- DataFrame with the following columns: * tracker_theta: The rotation angle of the tracker. tracker_theta = 0 is horizontal, and positive rotation angles are clockwise. * aoi: The angle-of-incidence of direct irradiance onto the rotated panel surface. * surface_tilt: The angle between the panel surface and the earth surface, accounting for panel rotation. * surface_azimuth: The azimuth of the rotated panel, determined by projecting the vector normal to the panel's surface to the earth's surface. * 'theta_round' : tracker_theta rounded to the nearest 'angledelta' If no angledelta is specified, it is rounded to the nearest degree. ''' import pvlib import warnings from pvlib.irradiance import aoi #import numpy as np #import pandas as pd solpos = self.solpos #New as of 0.3.2: pass fixed_tilt_angle and switches to FIXED TILT mode if fixed_tilt_angle is not None: # system with fixed tilt = fixed_tilt_angle surface_tilt=fixed_tilt_angle surface_azimuth=azimuth # trackingdata keys: 'tracker_theta', 'aoi', 'surface_azimuth', 'surface_tilt' trackingdata = pd.DataFrame({'tracker_theta':fixed_tilt_angle, 'aoi':aoi(surface_tilt, surface_azimuth, solpos['zenith'], solpos['azimuth']), 'surface_azimuth':azimuth, 'surface_tilt':fixed_tilt_angle}) elif useMeasuredTrackerAngle: # tracked system surface_tilt=self.meastracker_angle surface_azimuth=azimuth trackingdata = pd.DataFrame({'tracker_theta':self.meastracker_angle, 'aoi':aoi(surface_tilt, surface_azimuth, solpos['zenith'], solpos['azimuth']), 'surface_azimuth':azimuth, 'surface_tilt':abs(self.meastracker_angle)}) else: # get 1-axis tracker tracker_theta, surface_tilt and surface_azimuth with warnings.catch_warnings(): warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=RuntimeWarning) trackingdata = pvlib.tracking.singleaxis(solpos['zenith'], solpos['azimuth'], axis_tilt, azimuth, limit_angle, backtrack, gcr) # save tracker tilt information to metdata.tracker_theta, # metdata.surface_tilt and metdata.surface_azimuth self.tracker_theta = np.round(trackingdata['tracker_theta'],2).tolist() self.surface_tilt = np.round(trackingdata['surface_tilt'],2).tolist() self.surface_azimuth = np.round(trackingdata['surface_azimuth'],2).tolist() # undo the timestamp offset put in by solpos. #trackingdata.index = trackingdata.index + pd.Timedelta(minutes = 30) # It may not be exactly 30 minutes any more... trackingdata.index = self.sunrisesetdata.index #this has the original time data in it # round tracker_theta to increments of angledelta for use in cumulativesky def _roundArbitrary(x, base=angledelta): # round to nearest 'base' value. # mask NaN's to avoid rounding error message return base * (x/float(base)).round() if angledelta == 0: raise ZeroDivisionError('Angledelta = 0. Use None instead') elif angledelta is None: # don't round theta trackingdata['theta_round'] = trackingdata['tracker_theta'] else: # round theta trackingdata['theta_round'] = \ _roundArbitrary(trackingdata['tracker_theta'], angledelta) return trackingdata def _makeTrackerCSV(self, theta_list, trackingdata): ''' Create multiple new irradiance csv files with data for each unique rounded tracker angle. Return a dictionary with the new csv filenames and other details, Used for cumulativesky tracking Parameters ----------- theta_list : array Array of unique tracker angle values trackingdata : Pandas Pandas Series with hourly tracker angles from :pvlib.tracking.singleaxis Returns -------- trackerdict : dictionary keys: *theta_round tracker angle (default: -45 to +45 in 5 degree increments). sub-array keys: *datetime: array of datetime strings in this group of angles *count: number of datapoints in this group of angles *surf_azm: tracker surface azimuth during this group of angles *surf_tilt: tilt angle average during this group of angles *csvfile: name of csv met data file saved in /EPWs/ ''' dt = pd.to_datetime(self.datetime) trackerdict = dict.fromkeys(theta_list) for theta in sorted(trackerdict): trackerdict[theta] = {} csvfile = os.path.join('EPWs', '1axis_{}.csv'.format(theta)) tempdata = trackingdata[trackingdata['theta_round'] == theta] #Set up trackerdict output for each value of theta trackerdict[theta]['csvfile'] = csvfile trackerdict[theta]['surf_azm'] = tempdata['surface_azimuth'].median() trackerdict[theta]['surf_tilt'] = abs(theta) datetimetemp = tempdata.index.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') #local time trackerdict[theta]['datetime'] = datetimetemp trackerdict[theta]['count'] = datetimetemp.__len__() #Create new temp csv file with zero values for all times not equal to datetimetemp # write 8760 2-column csv: GHI,DHI ghi_temp = [] dhi_temp = [] for g, d, time in zip(self.ghi, self.dhi, dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')): # is this time included in a particular theta_round angle? if time in datetimetemp: ghi_temp.append(g) dhi_temp.append(d) else: # mask out irradiance at this time, since it # belongs to a different bin ghi_temp.append(0.0) dhi_temp.append(0.0) # save in 2-column GHI,DHI format for gencumulativesky -G savedata = pd.DataFrame({'GHI':ghi_temp, 'DHI':dhi_temp}, index = self.datetime).tz_localize(None) # Fill partial year. Requires 2021 measurement year. savedata = _subhourlydatatoGencumskyformat(savedata, label=self.label) print('Saving file {}, # points: {}'.format( trackerdict[theta]['csvfile'], datetimetemp.__len__())) savedata.to_csv(csvfile, index=False, header=False, sep=' ', columns=['GHI','DHI']) return trackerdict
[docs]class AnalysisObj: """ Analysis class for performing raytrace to obtain irradiance measurements at the array, as well plotting and reporting results. """ def __repr__(self): return str(self.__dict__)
[docs] def __init__(self, octfile=None, name=None, hpc=False): """ Initialize AnalysisObj by pointing to the octfile. Scan information is defined separately by passing scene details into AnalysisObj.moduleAnalysis() Parameters ------------ octfile : string Filename and extension of .oct file name : hpc : boolean, default False. Waits for octfile for a longer time if parallel processing. """ self.octfile = octfile self.name = name self.hpc = hpc
[docs] def makeImage(self, viewfile, octfile=None, name=None): """ Makes a visible image (rendering) of octfile, viewfile """ import time if octfile is None: octfile = self.octfile if name is None: name = self.name #TODO: update this for cross-platform compatibility w/ os.path.join if self.hpc : time_to_wait = 10 time_counter = 0 filelist = [octfile, "views/"+viewfile] for file in filelist: while not os.path.exists(file): time.sleep(1) time_counter += 1 if time_counter > time_to_wait:break print('Generating visible render of scene') #TODO: update this for cross-platform compatibility w os.path.join os.system("rpict -dp 256 -ar 48 -ms 1 -ds .2 -dj .9 -dt .1 "+ "-dc .5 -dr 1 -ss 1 -st .1 -ab 3 -aa .1 "+ "-ad 1536 -as 392 -av 25 25 25 -lr 8 -lw 1e-4 -vf views/" +viewfile+ " " + octfile + " > images/"+name+viewfile[:-3] +".hdr")
[docs] def makeFalseColor(self, viewfile, octfile=None, name=None): """ Makes a false-color plot of octfile, viewfile .. note:: For Windows requires installation of falsecolor.exe, which is part of radwinexe-5.0.a.8-win64.zip found at http://www.jaloxa.eu/resources/radiance/radwinexe.shtml """ #TODO: error checking for installation of falsecolor.exe if octfile is None: octfile = self.octfile if name is None: name = self.name print('Generating scene in WM-2. This may take some time.') #TODO: update and test this for cross-platform compatibility using os.path.join cmd = "rpict -i -dp 256 -ar 48 -ms 1 -ds .2 -dj .9 -dt .1 "+\ "-dc .5 -dr 1 -ss 1 -st .1 -ab 3 -aa .1 -ad 1536 -as 392 " +\ "-av 25 25 25 -lr 8 -lw 1e-4 -vf views/"+viewfile + " " + octfile WM2_out,err = _popen(cmd,None) if err is not None: print('Error: {}'.format(err)) return # determine the extreme maximum value to help with falsecolor autoscale extrm_out,err = _popen("pextrem",WM2_out.encode('latin1')) # cast the pextrem string as a float and find the max value WM2max = max(map(float,extrm_out.split())) print('Saving scene in false color') #auto scale false color map if WM2max < 1100: cmd = "falsecolor -l W/m2 -m 1 -s 1100 -n 11" else: cmd = "falsecolor -l W/m2 -m 1 -s %s"%(WM2max,) with open(os.path.join("images","%s%s_FC.hdr"%(name,viewfile[:-3]) ),"w") as f: data,err = _popen(cmd,WM2_out.encode('latin1'),f) if err is not None: print(err) print('possible solution: install radwinexe binary package from ' 'http://www.jaloxa.eu/resources/radiance/radwinexe.shtml')
def _linePtsArray(self, linePtsDict): """ Helper function to just print the x y and z values in an array format, just like they will show in the .csv result files. """ xstart = linePtsDict['xstart'] ystart = linePtsDict['ystart'] zstart = linePtsDict['zstart'] xinc = linePtsDict['xinc'] yinc = linePtsDict['yinc'] zinc = linePtsDict['zinc'] sx_xinc = linePtsDict['sx_xinc'] sx_yinc = linePtsDict['sx_yinc'] sx_zinc = linePtsDict['sx_zinc'] Nx = int(linePtsDict['Nx']) Ny = int(linePtsDict['Ny']) Nz = int(linePtsDict['Nz']) x = [] y = [] z = [] for iz in range(0,Nz): for ix in range(0,Nx): for iy in range(0,Ny): x . append(xstart+iy*xinc+ix*sx_xinc) y . append(ystart+iy*yinc+ix*sx_yinc) z . append(zstart+iy*zinc+ix*sx_zinc) return x, y, z def _linePtsMakeDict(self, linePtsDict): a = linePtsDict linepts = self._linePtsMake3D(a['xstart'],a['ystart'],a['zstart'], a['xinc'], a['yinc'], a['zinc'], a['sx_xinc'], a['sx_yinc'], a['sx_zinc'], a['Nx'],a['Ny'],a['Nz'],a['orient']) return linepts def _linePtsMake3D(self, xstart, ystart, zstart, xinc, yinc, zinc, sx_xinc, sx_yinc, sx_zinc, Nx, Ny, Nz, orient): #create linepts text input with variable x,y,z. #If you don't want to iterate over a variable, inc = 0, N = 1. linepts = "" # make sure Nx, Ny, Nz are ints. Nx = int(Nx) Ny = int(Ny) Nz = int(Nz) for iz in range(0,Nz): for ix in range(0,Nx): for iy in range(0,Ny): xpos = xstart+iy*xinc+ix*sx_xinc ypos = ystart+iy*yinc+ix*sx_yinc zpos = zstart+iy*zinc+ix*sx_zinc linepts = linepts + str(xpos) + ' ' + str(ypos) + \ ' '+str(zpos) + ' ' + orient + " \r" return(linepts) def _irrPlot(self, octfile, linepts, mytitle=None, plotflag=None, accuracy='low'): """ (plotdict) = _irrPlot(linepts,title,time,plotflag, accuracy) irradiance plotting using rtrace pass in the linepts structure of the view along with a title string for the plots. Parameters ------------ octfile : string Filename and extension of .oct file linepts : Output from :py:class:`bifacial_radiance.AnalysisObj._linePtsMake3D` mytitle : string Title to append to results files plotflag : Boolean Include plot of resulting irradiance accuracy : string Either 'low' (default - faster) or 'high' (better for low light) Returns ------- out : dictionary out.x,y,z - coordinates of point .r,g,b - r,g,b values in Wm-2 .Wm2 - equal-weight irradiance .mattype - material intersected .title - title passed in """ if mytitle is None: mytitle = octfile[:-4] if plotflag is None: plotflag = False if self.hpc : import time time_to_wait = 10 time_counter = 0 while not os.path.exists(octfile): time.sleep(1) time_counter += 1 if time_counter > time_to_wait: print('Warning: OCTFILE NOT FOUND') break if octfile is None: print('Analysis aborted. octfile = None' ) return None keys = ['Wm2','x','y','z','r','g','b','mattype'] out = {key: [] for key in keys} #out = dict.fromkeys(['Wm2','x','y','z','r','g','b','mattype','title']) out['title'] = mytitle print ('Linescan in process: %s' %(mytitle)) #rtrace ambient values set for 'very accurate': #cmd = "rtrace -i -ab 5 -aa .08 -ar 512 -ad 2048 -as 512 -h -oovs "+ octfile if accuracy == 'low': #rtrace optimized for faster scans: (ab2, others 96 is too coarse) cmd = "rtrace -i -ab 2 -aa .1 -ar 256 -ad 2048 -as 256 -h -oovs "+ octfile elif accuracy == 'high': #rtrace ambient values set for 'very accurate': cmd = "rtrace -i -ab 5 -aa .08 -ar 512 -ad 2048 -as 512 -h -oovs "+ octfile else: print('_irrPlot accuracy options: "low" or "high"') return({}) temp_out,err = _popen(cmd,linepts.encode()) if err is not None: if err[0:5] == 'error': raise Exception(err[7:]) else: print(err) # when file errors occur, temp_out is None, and err message is printed. if temp_out is not None: for line in temp_out.splitlines(): temp = line.split('\t') out['x'].append(float(temp[0])) out['y'].append(float(temp[1])) out['z'].append(float(temp[2])) out['r'].append(float(temp[3])) out['g'].append(float(temp[4])) out['b'].append(float(temp[5])) out['mattype'].append(temp[6]) out['Wm2'].append(sum([float(i) for i in temp[3:6]])/3.0) if plotflag is True: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt plt.figure() plt.plot(out['Wm2']) plt.ylabel('Wm2 irradiance') plt.xlabel('variable') plt.title(mytitle) plt.show() else: out = None # return empty if error message. return(out) def _saveResults(self, data=None, reardata=None, savefile=None, RGB = False): """ Function to save output from _irrPlot If rearvals is passed in, back ratio is saved If data = None then only reardata is saved. Returns -------- savefile : str If set to None, will write to default .csv filename in results folder. """ if savefile is None: savefile = data['title'] + '.csv' if data is None and reardata is not None: # only rear data is passed. data = reardata reardata = None # run process like normal but swap labels at the end rearswapflag = True else: rearswapflag = False # make savefile dataframe and set self.attributes if RGB: data_sub = {key:data[key] for key in ['x', 'y', 'z', 'mattype', 'Wm2','r', 'g', 'b' ]} else: data_sub = {key:data[key] for key in ['x', 'y', 'z', 'mattype','Wm2' ]} df = pd.DataFrame(data_sub) df = df.rename(columns={'Wm2':'Wm2Front'}) if reardata is not None: df.insert(3, 'rearZ', reardata['z']) df.insert(5, 'rearMat', reardata['mattype']) df.insert(7, 'Wm2Back', reardata['Wm2']) # add 1mW/m2 to avoid dividebyzero df.insert(8, 'Back/FrontRatio', df['Wm2Back'] / (df['Wm2Front']+.001)) df['backRatio'] = df['Back/FrontRatio'] df['rearX'] = reardata['x'] df['rearY'] = reardata['y'] if RGB: df['rearR'] = reardata['r'] df['rearG'] = reardata['g'] df['rearB'] = reardata['b'] # rename columns if only rear data was originally passed if rearswapflag: df = df.rename(columns={'Wm2Front':'Wm2Back','mattype':'rearMat'}) # set attributes of analysis to equal columns of df for col in df.columns: setattr(self, col, list(df[col])) # only save a subset df = df.drop(columns=['rearX','rearY','backRatio'], errors='ignore') df.to_csv(os.path.join("results", savefile), sep = ',', index = False) print('Saved: %s'%(os.path.join("results", savefile))) return os.path.join("results", savefile) def _saveResultsCumulative(self, data, reardata=None, savefile=None): """ TEMPORARY FUNCTION -- this is a fix to save ONE cumulative results csv in the main working folder for when doing multiple entries in a tracker dict. Returns -------- savefile : str If set to None, will write to default .csv filename in results folder. """ if savefile is None: savefile = data['title'] + '.csv' # make dataframe from results data_sub = {key:data[key] for key in ['x', 'y', 'z', 'Wm2', 'mattype']} self.x = data['x'] self.y = data['y'] self.z = data['z'] self.mattype = data['mattype'] #TODO: data_sub front values don't seem to be saved to self. if reardata is not None: self.rearX = reardata['x'] self.rearY = reardata['y'] self.rearMat = reardata['mattype'] data_sub['rearMat'] = self.rearMat self.rearZ = reardata['z'] data_sub['rearZ'] = self.rearZ self.Wm2Front = data_sub.pop('Wm2') data_sub['Wm2Front'] = self.Wm2Front self.Wm2Back = reardata['Wm2'] data_sub['Wm2Back'] = self.Wm2Back self.backRatio = [x/(y+.001) for x,y in zip(reardata['Wm2'],data['Wm2'])] # add 1mW/m2 to avoid dividebyzero data_sub['Back/FrontRatio'] = self.backRatio df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(data_sub) df.to_csv(savefile, sep = ',', columns = ['x','y','z','rearZ','mattype','rearMat', 'Wm2Front','Wm2Back','Back/FrontRatio'], index = False) # new in 0.2.3 else: df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(data_sub) df.to_csv(savefile, sep = ',', columns = ['x','y','z', 'mattype','Wm2'], index = False) print('Saved: %s'%(savefile)) return (savefile)
[docs] def moduleAnalysis(self, scene, modWanted=None, rowWanted=None, sensorsy=9, sensorsx=1, frontsurfaceoffset=0.001, backsurfaceoffset=0.001, modscanfront=None, modscanback=None, relative=False, debug=False): """ Handler function that decides how to handle different number of front and back sensors. If number for front sensors is not provided or is the same as for the back, _moduleAnalysis is called only once. Else it is called twice to get the different front and back dictionary. This function defines the scan points to be used in the :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.AnalysisObj.analysis` function, to perform the raytrace through Radiance function `rtrace` Parameters ------------ scene : ``SceneObj`` Generated with :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.RadianceObj.makeScene`. modWanted : int Module wanted to sample. If none, defaults to center module (rounding down) rowWanted : int Row wanted to sample. If none, defaults to center row (rounding down) sensorsy : int or list Number of 'sensors' or scanning points along the collector width (CW) of the module(s). If multiple values are passed, first value represents number of front sensors, second value is number of back sensors sensorsx : int or list Number of 'sensors' or scanning points along the length, the side perpendicular to the collector width (CW) of the module(s) for the back side of the module. If multiple values are passed, first value represents number of front sensors, second value is number of back sensors. debug : bool Activates various print statemetns for debugging this function. modscanfront : dict Dictionary to modify the fronstcan values established by this routine and set a specific value. Keys possible are 'xstart', 'ystart', 'zstart', 'xinc', 'yinc', 'zinc', 'Nx', 'Ny', 'Nz', and 'orient'. If modifying Nx, Ny or Nz, make sure to modify on modscanback to avoid issues on results writing stage. All of these keys are ints or floats except for 'orient' which takes x y z values as string 'x y z' for example '0 0 -1'. These values will overwrite the internally calculated frontscan dictionary for the module & row selected. modscanback: dict Dictionary to modify the backscan values established by this routine and set a specific value. Keys possible are 'xstart', 'ystart', 'zstart', 'xinc', 'yinc', 'zinc', 'Nx', 'Ny', 'Nz', and 'orient'. If modifying Nx, Ny or Nz, make sure to modify on modscanback to avoid issues on results writing stage. All of these keys are ints or floats except for 'orient' which takes x y z values as string 'x y z' for example '0 0 -1'. These values will overwrite the internally calculated frontscan dictionary for the module & row selected. relative : Bool if passing modscanfront and modscanback to modify dictionarie of positions, this sets if the values passed to be updated are relative or absolute. Default is absolute value (relative=False) Returns ------- frontscan : dictionary Scan dictionary for module's front side. Used to pass into :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.AnalysisObj.analysis` function backscan : dictionary Scan dictionary for module's back side. Used to pass into :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.AnalysisObj.analysis` function """ # Height: clearance height for fixed tilt systems, or torque tube # height for single-axis tracked systems. # Single axis tracked systems will consider the offset to calculate the final height. def _checkSensors(sensors): # Checking Sensors input data for list or tuple if (type(sensors)==tuple or type(sensors)==list): try: sensors_back = sensors[1] sensors_front = sensors[0] except IndexError: # only 1 value passed?? sensors_back = sensors_front = sensors[0] elif (type(sensors)==int or type(sensors)==float): # Ensure sensors are positive int values. if int(sensors) < 1: raise Exception('input sensorsy must be numeric >0') sensors_back = sensors_front = int(sensors) else: print('Warning: invalid value passed for sensors. Setting = 1') sensors_back = sensors_front = 1 return sensors_front, sensors_back sensorsy_front, sensorsy_back = _checkSensors(sensorsy) sensorsx_front, sensorsx_back = _checkSensors(sensorsx) if (sensorsx_back != sensorsx_front) or (sensorsy_back != sensorsy_front): sensors_diff = True else: sensors_diff = False dtor = np.pi/180.0 # Internal scene parameters are stored in scene.sceneDict. Load these into local variables sceneDict = scene.sceneDict azimuth = sceneDict['azimuth'] tilt = sceneDict['tilt'] nMods = sceneDict['nMods'] nRows = sceneDict['nRows'] originx = sceneDict['originx'] originy = sceneDict['originy'] # offset = moduleDict['offsetfromaxis'] offset = scene.module.offsetfromaxis sceney = scene.module.sceney scenex = scene.module.scenex # x needed for sensorsx>1 case x = scene.module.x ## Check for proper input variables in sceneDict if 'pitch' in sceneDict: pitch = sceneDict['pitch'] elif 'gcr' in sceneDict: pitch = sceney / sceneDict['gcr'] else: raise Exception("Error: no 'pitch' or 'gcr' passed in sceneDict" ) if 'axis_tilt' in sceneDict: axis_tilt = sceneDict['axis_tilt'] else: axis_tilt = 0 if hasattr(scene.module,'z'): modulez = scene.module.z else: print ("Module's z not set on sceneDict internal dictionary. Setting to default") modulez = 0.02 if frontsurfaceoffset is None: frontsurfaceoffset = 0.001 if backsurfaceoffset is None: backsurfaceoffset = 0.001 # The Sensor routine below needs a "hub-height", not a clearance height. # The below complicated check checks to see if height (deprecated) is passed, # and if clearance_height or hub_height is passed as well. sceneDict, use_clearanceheight = _heightCasesSwitcher(sceneDict, preferred = 'hub_height', nonpreferred = 'clearance_height') if use_clearanceheight : height = sceneDict['clearance_height'] + 0.5* \ np.sin(abs(tilt) * np.pi / 180) * \ sceney - offset*np.sin(abs(tilt)*np.pi/180) else: height = sceneDict['hub_height'] if debug: print("For debug:\n hub_height, Azimuth, Tilt, nMods, nRows, " "Pitch, Offset, SceneY, SceneX") print(height, azimuth, tilt, nMods, nRows, pitch, offset, sceney, scenex) if modWanted == 0: print( " FYI Modules and Rows start at index 1. " "Reindexing to modWanted 1" ) modWanted = modWanted+1 # otherwise it gives results on Space. if rowWanted ==0: print( " FYI Modules and Rows start at index 1. " "Reindexing to rowWanted 1" ) rowWanted = rowWanted+1 if modWanted is None: modWanted = round(nMods / 1.99) if rowWanted is None: rowWanted = round(nRows / 1.99) if debug is True: print( f"Sampling: modWanted {modWanted}, rowWanted {rowWanted} " "out of {nMods} modules, {nRows} rows" ) x0 = (modWanted-1)*scenex - (scenex*(round(nMods/1.99)*1.0-1)) y0 = (rowWanted-1)*pitch - (pitch*(round(nRows / 1.99)*1.0-1)) x1 = x0 * np.cos ((180-azimuth)*dtor) - y0 * np.sin((180-azimuth)*dtor) y1 = x0 * np.sin ((180-azimuth)*dtor) + y0 * np.cos((180-azimuth)*dtor) z1 = 0 if axis_tilt != 0 and azimuth == 90: print ("fixing height for axis_tilt") z1 = (modWanted-1)*scenex * np.sin(axis_tilt*dtor) # Edge of Panel x2 = (sceney/2.0) * np.cos((tilt)*dtor) * np.sin((azimuth)*dtor) y2 = (sceney/2.0) * np.cos((tilt)*dtor) * np.cos((azimuth)*dtor) z2 = -(sceney/2.0) * np.sin(tilt*dtor) # Axis of rotation Offset (if offset is not 0) for the front of the module x3 = (offset + modulez + frontsurfaceoffset) * np.sin(tilt*dtor) * np.sin((azimuth)*dtor) y3 = (offset + modulez + frontsurfaceoffset) * np.sin(tilt*dtor) * np.cos((azimuth)*dtor) z3 = (offset + modulez + frontsurfaceoffset) * np.cos(tilt*dtor) # Axis of rotation Offset, for the back of the module x4 = (offset - backsurfaceoffset) * np.sin(tilt*dtor) * np.sin((azimuth)*dtor) y4 = (offset - backsurfaceoffset) * np.sin(tilt*dtor) * np.cos((azimuth)*dtor) z4 = (offset - backsurfaceoffset) * np.cos(tilt*dtor) xstartfront = x1 + x2 + x3 + originx xstartback = x1 + x2 + x4 + originx ystartfront = y1 + y2 + y3 + originy ystartback = y1 + y2 + y4 + originy zstartfront = height + z1 + z2 + z3 zstartback = height + z1 + z2 + z4 #Adjust orientation of scan depending on tilt & azimuth zdir = np.cos((tilt)*dtor) ydir = np.sin((tilt)*dtor) * np.cos((azimuth)*dtor) xdir = np.sin((tilt)*dtor) * np.sin((azimuth)*dtor) front_orient = '%0.3f %0.3f %0.3f' % (-xdir, -ydir, -zdir) back_orient = '%0.3f %0.3f %0.3f' % (xdir, ydir, zdir) #IF cellmodule: #TODO: Add check for sensorsx_back #temp = scene.moduleDict.get('cellModule') #error-free way to query it #if ((temp is not None) and if ((getattr(scene.module, 'cellModule', None)) and (sensorsy_back == scene.module.cellModule.numcellsy)): ycell = scene.module.cellModule.ycell xinc_back = -((sceney - ycell ) / (scene.module.cellModule.numcellsy-1)) * np.cos((tilt)*dtor) * np.sin((azimuth)*dtor) yinc_back = -((sceney - ycell) / (scene.module.cellModule.numcellsy-1)) * np.cos((tilt)*dtor) * np.cos((azimuth)*dtor) zinc_back = ((sceney - ycell) / (scene.module.cellModule.numcellsy-1)) * np.sin(tilt*dtor) firstsensorxstartfront = xstartfront - scene.module.cellModule.ycell/2 * np.cos((tilt)*dtor) * np.sin((azimuth)*dtor) firstsensorxstartback = xstartback - ycell/2 * np.cos((tilt)*dtor) * np.sin((azimuth)*dtor) firstsensorystartfront = ystartfront - ycell/2 * np.cos((tilt)*dtor) * np.cos((azimuth)*dtor) firstsensorystartback = ystartback - ycell/2 * np.cos((tilt)*dtor) * np.cos((azimuth)*dtor) firstsensorzstartfront = zstartfront + ycell/2 * np.sin(tilt*dtor) firstsensorzstartback = zstartback + ycell/2 * np.sin(tilt*dtor) xinc_front = xinc_back yinc_front = yinc_back zinc_front = zinc_back sx_xinc_front = 0.0 sx_yinc_front = 0.0 sx_zinc_front = 0.0 sx_xinc_back = 0.0 sx_yinc_back = 0.0 sx_zinc_back = 0.0 if (sensorsx_back != 1.0): print("Warning: Cell-level module analysis for sensorsx > 1 not "+ "fine-tuned yet. Use at own risk, some of the x positions "+ "might fall in spacing between cells.") else: xinc_back = -(sceney/(sensorsy_back + 1.0)) * np.cos((tilt)*dtor) * np.sin((azimuth)*dtor) yinc_back = -(sceney/(sensorsy_back + 1.0)) * np.cos((tilt)*dtor) * np.cos((azimuth)*dtor) zinc_back = (sceney/(sensorsy_back + 1.0)) * np.sin(tilt*dtor) if sensors_diff: xinc_front = -(sceney/(sensorsy_front + 1.0)) * np.cos((tilt)*dtor) * np.sin((azimuth)*dtor) yinc_front = -(sceney/(sensorsy_front + 1.0)) * np.cos((tilt)*dtor) * np.cos((azimuth)*dtor) zinc_front = (sceney/(sensorsy_front + 1.0)) * np.sin(tilt*dtor) else: xinc_front = xinc_back yinc_front = yinc_back zinc_front = zinc_back firstsensorxstartfront = xstartfront+xinc_front firstsensorxstartback = xstartback+xinc_back firstsensorystartfront = ystartfront+yinc_front firstsensorystartback = ystartback+yinc_back firstsensorzstartfront = zstartfront + zinc_front firstsensorzstartback = zstartback + zinc_back ## Correct positions for sensorsx other than 1 # TODO: At some point, this equations can include the case where # sensorsx = 1, and cleanup the original position calculation to place # firstsensorxstartback before this section on edge not on center. # will save some multiplications and division but well, it works :) if sensorsx_back > 1.0: sx_xinc_back = -(x/(sensorsx_back*1.0+1)) * np.cos((azimuth)*dtor) sx_yinc_back = (x/(sensorsx_back*1.0+1)) * np.sin((azimuth)*dtor) # Not needed unless axis_tilt != 0, which is not a current option sx_zinc_back = 0.0 # firstsensorxstartback = firstsensorxstartback + (x/2.0) * np.cos((azimuth)*dtor) + sx_xinc_back firstsensorystartback = firstsensorystartback - (x/2.0) * np.sin((azimuth)*dtor) + sx_yinc_back # firstsensorzstartback Not needed unless axis_tilt != 0, which is not a current option #firstsensorxstartfront = firstsensorxstartback #firstsensorystartfront = firstsensorystartback else: sx_xinc_back = 0.0 sx_yinc_back = 0.0 sx_zinc_back = 0.0 if sensorsx_front > 1.0: sx_xinc_front = -(x/(sensorsx_front*1.0+1)) * np.cos((azimuth)*dtor) sx_yinc_front = (x/(sensorsx_front*1.0+1)) * np.sin((azimuth)*dtor) # Not needed unless axis_tilt != 0, which is not a current option sx_zinc_front = 0.0 # firstsensorxstartfront = firstsensorxstartfront + (x/2.0) * np.cos((azimuth)*dtor) + sx_xinc_back firstsensorystartfront = firstsensorystartfront - (x/2.0) * np.sin((azimuth)*dtor) + sx_yinc_back # firstsensorzstartback Not needed unless axis_tilt != 0, which is not a current option else: sx_xinc_front = 0.0 sx_yinc_front = 0.0 sx_zinc_front = 0.0 if debug is True: print("Azimuth", azimuth) print("Coordinate Center Point of Desired Panel before azm rotation", x0, y0) print("Coordinate Center Point of Desired Panel after azm rotation", x1, y1) print("Edge of Panel", x2, y2, z2) print("Offset Shift", x3, y3, z3) print("Final Start Coordinate Front", xstartfront, ystartfront, zstartfront) print("Increase Coordinates", xinc_front, yinc_front, zinc_front) frontscan = {'xstart': firstsensorxstartfront, 'ystart': firstsensorystartfront, 'zstart': firstsensorzstartfront, 'xinc':xinc_front, 'yinc': yinc_front, 'zinc':zinc_front, 'sx_xinc':sx_xinc_front, 'sx_yinc':sx_yinc_front, 'sx_zinc':sx_zinc_front, 'Nx': sensorsx_front, 'Ny':sensorsy_front, 'Nz':1, 'orient':front_orient } backscan = {'xstart':firstsensorxstartback, 'ystart': firstsensorystartback, 'zstart': firstsensorzstartback, 'xinc':xinc_back, 'yinc': yinc_back, 'zinc':zinc_back, 'sx_xinc':sx_xinc_back, 'sx_yinc':sx_yinc_back, 'sx_zinc':sx_zinc_back, 'Nx': sensorsx_back, 'Ny':sensorsy_back, 'Nz':1, 'orient':back_orient } if modscanfront is not None: frontscan2 = _modDict(originaldict=frontscan, moddict=modscanfront, relative=relative) else: frontscan2 = frontscan.copy() if modscanback is not None: backscan2 = _modDict(originaldict=backscan, moddict=modscanback, relative=relative) else: backscan2 = backscan.copy() return frontscan2, backscan2
def analyzeRow(self, octfile, scene, rowWanted=None, name=None, sensorsy=None, sensorsx=None ): ''' Function to Analyze every module in the row. Parameters ---------- octfile : string Filename and extension of .oct file scene : ``SceneObj`` Generated with :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.RadianceObj.makeScene`. rowWanted : int Row wanted to sample. If none, defaults to center row (rounding down) sensorsy : int or list Number of 'sensors' or scanning points along the collector width (CW) of the module(s). If multiple values are passed, first value represents number of front sensors, second value is number of back sensors sensorsx : int or list Number of 'sensors' or scanning points along the length, the side perpendicular to the collector width (CW) of the module(s) for the back side of the module. If multiple values are passed, first value represents number of front sensors, second value is number of back sensors. Returns ------- df_row : dataframe Dataframe with all values sampled for the row. ''' #allfront = [] #allback = [] nMods = scene.sceneDict['nMods'] if rowWanted == None: rowWanted = round(self.nRows / 1.99) df_dict_row = {} row_keys = ['x','y','z','rearZ','mattype','rearMat','Wm2Front','Wm2Back','Back/FrontRatio'] dict_row = df_dict_row.fromkeys(row_keys) df_row = pd.DataFrame(dict_row, index = [j for j in range(nMods)]) for i in range (nMods): temp_dict = {} frontscan, backscan = self.moduleAnalysis(scene, sensorsy=sensorsy, sensorsx=sensorsx, modWanted = i+1, rowWanted = rowWanted) allscan = self.analysis(octfile, name+'_Module_'+str(i), frontscan, backscan) front_dict = allscan[0] back_dict = allscan[1] temp_dict['x'] = front_dict['x'] temp_dict['y'] = front_dict['y'] temp_dict['z'] = front_dict['z'] temp_dict['rearZ'] = back_dict['z'] temp_dict['mattype'] = front_dict['mattype'] temp_dict['rearMat'] = back_dict['mattype'] temp_dict['Wm2Front'] = front_dict['Wm2'] temp_dict['Wm2Back'] = back_dict['Wm2'] temp_dict['Back/FrontRatio'] = list(np.array(front_dict['Wm2'])/np.array(back_dict['Wm2'])) df_row.iloc[i] = temp_dict #allfront.append(front) return df_row
[docs] def analysis(self, octfile, name, frontscan, backscan, plotflag=False, accuracy='low', RGB=False): """ General analysis function, where linepts are passed in for calling the raytrace routine :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.AnalysisObj._irrPlot` and saved into results with :py:class:`~bifacial_radiance.AnalysisObj._saveResults`. Parameters ------------ octfile : string Filename and extension of .oct file name : string Name to append to output files frontscan : scene.frontscan object Object with the sensor location information for the front of the module backscan : scene.backscan object Object with the sensor location information for the rear side of the module plotflag : boolean Include plot of resulting irradiance accuracy : string Either 'low' (default - faster) or 'high' (better for low light) RGB : Bool If the raytrace is a spectral raytrace and information for the three channe wants to be saved, set RGB to True. Returns ------- File saved in `\\results\\irr_name.csv` """ if octfile is None: print('Analysis aborted - no octfile \n') return None, None linepts = self._linePtsMakeDict(frontscan) frontDict = self._irrPlot(octfile, linepts, name+'_Front', plotflag=plotflag, accuracy=accuracy) #bottom view. linepts = self._linePtsMakeDict(backscan) backDict = self._irrPlot(octfile, linepts, name+'_Back', plotflag=plotflag, accuracy=accuracy) # don't save if _irrPlot returns an empty file. if frontDict is not None: if len(frontDict['Wm2']) != len(backDict['Wm2']): self.Wm2Front = np.mean(frontDict['Wm2']) self.Wm2Back = np.mean(backDict['Wm2']) self.backRatio = self.Wm2Back / (self.Wm2Front + .001) self._saveResults(frontDict, reardata=None, savefile='irr_%s.csv'%(name+'_Front'), RGB=RGB) self._saveResults(data=None, reardata=backDict, savefile='irr_%s.csv'%(name+'_Back'), RGB=RGB) else: self._saveResults(frontDict, backDict,'irr_%s.csv'%(name), RGB=RGB) return frontDict, backDict
def quickExample(testfolder=None): """ Example of how to run a Radiance routine for a simple rooftop bifacial system """ import bifacial_radiance if testfolder == None: testfolder = bifacial_radiance.main._interactive_directory( title = 'Select or create an empty directory for the Radiance tree') demo = bifacial_radiance.RadianceObj('simple_panel', path=testfolder) # Create a RadianceObj 'object' # input albedo number or material name like 'concrete'. # To see options, run setGround without any input. demo.setGround(0.62) try: epwfile = demo.getEPW(lat=40.01667, lon=-105.25) # pull TMY data for any global lat/lon except ConnectionError: # no connection to automatically pull data pass metdata = demo.readWeatherFile(epwfile, coerce_year=2001) # read in the EPW weather data from above #metdata = demo.readTMY() # select a TMY file using graphical picker # Now we either choose a single time point, or use cumulativesky for the entire year. cumulativeSky = False if cumulativeSky: demo.genCumSky() # entire year. else: timeindex = metdata.datetime.index(pd.to_datetime('2001-06-17 12:0:0 -7')) demo.gendaylit(metdata=metdata, timeindex=timeindex) # Noon, June 17th # create a scene using panels in landscape at 10 deg tilt, 1.5m pitch. 0.2 m ground clearance moduletype = 'test-module' module = demo.makeModule(name=moduletype, x=1.59, y=0.95) sceneDict = {'tilt':10,'pitch':1.5,'clearance_height':0.2, 'azimuth':180, 'nMods': 10, 'nRows': 3} #makeScene creates a .rad file with 10 modules per row, 3 rows. scene = demo.makeScene(module=module, sceneDict=sceneDict) # makeOct combines all of the ground, sky and object files into .oct file. octfile = demo.makeOct(demo.getfilelist()) # return an analysis object including the scan dimensions for back irradiance analysis = bifacial_radiance.AnalysisObj(octfile, demo.name) frontscan, backscan = analysis.moduleAnalysis(scene, sensorsy=9) analysis.analysis(octfile, demo.name, frontscan, backscan, accuracy='low') # bifacial ratio should be 11.6% +/- 0.1% (+/- 1% absolute with glass-glass module) print('Annual bifacial ratio average: %0.3f' %( sum(analysis.Wm2Back) / sum(analysis.Wm2Front) ) ) return analysis